PROTEM-37瞬变电磁测深系统及应用实例

PROTEM - 37仪器具有分辨率高、动态范围大、抗干扰能力强、探测深度较大等优良性能。简要介绍了该仪器的测深原理、工作装置、野外施工步骤以及资料的处理解释。对TEM和MT资料的联合反演作了有益的尝试。介绍了该仪器在探测地下洞穴、勘察金属矿以及煤田水文地质调查等方面     

点苍山-哀牢山杂岩带中北段嘎洒地区变沉积岩的成因矿物学与变质演化特征

点苍山-哀牢山变质杂岩带中北段嘎洒地区出露了多种典型的变沉积岩,其中夕线石榴黑云二长片麻岩和二云母片岩保存多期/多阶段矿物相转变特征,本文通过岩相学和矿物化学的综合分析,并结合传统矿物对温压计的估算结果,限定上述典型变沉积岩峰期角闪-麻粒岩相(M1)阶段、近等温减压-高温剪切变形阶段(M2)和晚期退变质(M3)阶段的矿物组合及变质温压条件。峰期角闪-麻粒岩相(M1)阶段的矿物组合为:石榴石(Grt)+板柱状夕线石(Sil1)+黑云母(Bt1)+钾长石(Kfs)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)+钛铁矿(Ilm),变质温度压力条件为t=690~750℃,p=690~810 MPa;近等温减压-高温剪切变形阶段(M2)阶段,稳定矿物组合为:Grt+Sil2+Bt2+Kfs+Pl+Qtz+Ilm,黑云母在强烈走滑剪切作用下发生脱水熔融反应:2 Bt→Sil+6(Mg,Fe)O+K_2O+5 Qtz+2 H_2O,石榴石、黑云母和夕线石等受到剪切变形影响而发生强烈定向,形成的温度压力条件为t=650~720℃,p=450~630 MPa;晚期退变质阶段(M_3)的稳定矿物组合为:Qtz+Bt+Ms+Pl,退变的温度压力条件为t=580~640℃,p=400~500MPa。其变质演化p-T轨迹样式具有近等温减压的顺时针型式,表明点苍山-哀牢山变质杂岩带曾经历了一次明显的俯冲-碰撞造山事件,峰期变质可达到角闪-麻粒岩相;在碰撞后的构造折返过程中,上述变质岩石发生强烈的高温剪切变形作用,并伴随着黑云母等含水矿物的脱水熔融。     

Present and projected degree days in China from observation,reanalysis and simulations

Degree days are usually defined as the accumulated daily mean temperature varying with the base temperature, and are one of the most important indicators of climate changes. In this study, the present-day and projected changes of four degree days indices from daily mean surface air temperature output simulated by Max Planck Institute, Earth Systems Model of low resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) model are evaluated with the high resolution gridded-observation dataset and two modern reanalyses in China. During 1979–2005, the heating degree days (HDD) and the numbers of HDD (NHDD) have decreased for observation, reanalyses (ERA-Interim and NCEP/NCAR) and model simulations (historical and decadal experiments), consistent with the increasing cooling degree days (CDD) and the numbers of CDD (NCDD). These changes reflect the general warming in China during the past decades. In most cases, ERA-Interim is closer to observation than NCEP/NCAR and model simulations. There are discrepancies between observation, reanalyses and model simulations in the spatial patterns and regional means. The decadal hindcast/forecast simulation performance of MPI-ESM-LR produce warmer than the observed mean temperature in China during the entire period, and the hindcasts forecast a trend lower than the observed. Under different representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios, HDD and NHDD show significant decreases, and CDD and NCDD consistently increase during 2006–2100 under RCP8.5, RCP4.5 and RCP2.6, especially before the mid-21 century. More pronounced changes occur under RCP8.5, which is associated with a high rate of radiative forcing. The 20th century runs reflect the sensitivity to the initial conditions, and the uncertainties in terms of the inter-ensemble are small, whereas the long-term trend is well represented with no differences among ensembles.     

岱海的"中世纪暖期"

内蒙古岱海沉积物近2200a来Rb/Sr比值、CaCO3和有机碳含量的变化展现了包括中世纪暖期（MWP）及小冰期（LIA）等典型气候事件在内的环境演化过程,总体表现为暖期的沉积物Rb/Sr比值低,冷期的则高：CaCO3和有机碳含量则相反。这里,以单一流域化学风化记录表明我国北方存在明显的中世纪暖期,发生时间约900－1200aB.P..主要环境特征表现为流域化学风化的显著增强（低Rb/Sr比值）、生物生产力逐步提高（高有机碳）、湖泊水位大幅度抬升的湖泊沉积记录,其间经历的化学风化是近两千年内最强的,并且其发生时间与全球其他地区基本一致。     

Application of an optical nitrate profiler to high- and low-turbidity coastal shelf waters

Here, we report the results of high-resolution nitrate measurements using an optical nitrate profiler(in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer, ISUS) along transect across a high-turbidity shelf(East China Sea) and a lowturbidity shelf(Chukchi Sea). The ISUS-measured nitrate concentrations closely reproduced the results measured by conventional bottle methods in low-turbidity waters. However, for high-turbidity waters of the East China Sea(salinity<30), a correction factor of 1.19 was required t...     

长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化

为查明黄、渤海生态交错带长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性的时空变化,根据2016−2017年在长山列岛邻近海域开展的鱼类生物资源和环境因子的调查数据,结合食性、营养级、洄游类型、适温性、恢复力和鱼卵类型等13种功能性状,应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类功能多样性的季节变化、空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春、冬季的优势类群为端位或上位口、生长系数较低、脆弱性较高、恢复力较低、定居或短距离洄游的平扁形、暖温性底层鱼类,夏、秋季表现出更多的功能性状,例如长距离洄游、栖息位置处于中上层、体型为侧扁形和纺锤形等;夏、秋季的功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季,功能均匀度指数在春季最高,功能离散度指数在秋季最低且显著低于其他季节;春季功能均匀度指数和春、秋季功能离散度指数均表现出西高东低的分布趋势,夏、冬季的功能丰富度指数和秋季的功能均匀度指数均表现出东高西低的分布趋势;功能多样性指数与环境因子具有一定的相关性。长山列岛邻近海域作为黄、渤海生态交错带,鱼类洄游引起优势功能性状和功能多样性呈现出一定的季节变化,环境因子的变化使得功能多样性的空间格局表现出复杂性、异质性的特点。     

东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段沉积期湖岸线的变化及岩相古地理特征

东濮凹陷沙三段地层为深水相暗色泥岩与砂岩频繁互层及深水相暗色泥岩与盐膏岩频繁互层.这种砂体是东濮凹陷很重要的含油气储层。过去这种砂体往往按照静态的模式被解释为重力流成因,随着勘探的不断深入,越来越多的证据表明这些砂体中存在着牵引流和暴露地表的标志,其成因和沉积模式需要重新认识。东濮凹陷沙三段沉积时期,湖平面变化频繁,有长周期,也有短周期。根据录井、电性及岩心等资料识别出湖平面变化的5级周期,其变化频率约为1000次/Ma。根据计算,东濮凹陷沙三段沉积时期湖水最大深度为30 m。高水位沉积期,湖岸线距盆地中心较远,盆地沉积中心发育暗色泥岩夹薄层碳酸盐岩,盆地边缘发育粗碎屑岩沉积;水位下降期,边缘相砂体不断向盆地中心进积;低水位期湖岸线向盆地中心退缩了1030 km,盆地沉积中心发育盐膏岩沉积,盐膏岩的周围发育低水位三角洲、扇三角洲和滨湖滩坝相的粗碎屑岩体。正是由于湖平面的变化引起的湖岸线迁移,导致高水位沉积期和低水位期湖盆的岩相古地理面貌发生很大的变化,根据这种动态的模式来预测砂体的分布,在指导油气勘探中产生了明显的效果。     

杭州湾海域春、秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布

采用底层拖网法,用渔获率作为鱼类资源数量分布的指标,进行了杭州湾调查海域2012年5月(春季)、10月(秋季)2个季节的鱼类种类组成、区系特点、数量分布等研究。结果表明:(1)杭州湾海域春、秋两季共获得并鉴定出的鱼类有31种,隶属于9目15科,其中以石首鱼科和■虎鱼科的种类为最多,各有5种,分别占总种数的16.7%;鳀科鱼类次之,有4种,占总种数的13.3%,优势种有睛尾蝌蚪■虎鱼、龙头鱼、刀鲚、棘头梅童鱼;(2)根据鱼类适温性可将该海域的鱼类分为暖水性、暖温性和冷温性3种适温类型,以暖温性种类为主,暖水性种类次之,而冷温性种类极少,仅有1种;(3)根据其生态习性,可分为河口性、沿岸性和近海性3种生态类群;(4)渔获数量分布规律是春季在调查海域的内侧或者说中西部较高,而湾口较低,秋季则正好相反。     

极性分子型电流变液导电机理研究

极性分子型电流变液是一种新型的电流变材料.其介电颗粒上吸附极性分子,极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场作用下发生取向是产生巨电流变效应的关键.通过对Ca—Ti—O(CTO)体系极性分子型电流变液电流密度的测量发现,其导电行为遵从Poole-Frenkel效应的规律,这是极性分子型电流变液的重要特征之一.而500 ℃处理过的CTO粉体不含极性分子,所配制的电流变液无巨电流变效应,其电流密度随外电场强度近似地呈线性关系,显示出传统电流变液特性.