Nowcasting with INCA During SNOW-V10

A Central-European nowcasting system which has been developed for use in mountainous terrain is tested in the Whistler/Vancouver area as part of the SNOW-V10 experiment. The integrated nowcasting through comprehensive analysis system provides hourly updated gridded forecasts of temperature, humidity, and wind, as well as precipitation forecasts which are updated every 15 min. It is based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) output and real-time surface weather station and radar data. Verification of temperature, relative humidity, and wind against surface stations shows that forecast errors are significantly reduced in the nowcasting range compared to those of the driving NWP model. The main contribution to the improvement comes from the implicit bias correction due to use of the latest observations. Relative humidity shows the longest lasting effect, with >50 % reduction of mean absolute error up to +4 h. For temperature and wind speed this percentage is reached after +2 and +3 h, respectively. Two cases of precipitation nowcasting are discussed and verified qualitatively.     

Cyanit und Sillimanit in moldanubischen Granuliten

Zusammenfassung Der Cyanit tritt immer nur in biotitfreien Granuliten auf; in den biotitreicheren kommt Sillimanit vor. Der Cyanit gehört einer frühen Kristallisationsphase im polymetamorphen Ablauf der Granulitgenese an und ist immer älter als der Sillimanit. Cyanit kann sich direkt in Sillimanit umwandeln, meistens jedoch wächst der Sillimanit unabhängig von Cyanit. Die Fe-Gehalte beider Aluminiumsilikate werden angegeben und die Granulitgenese kurz diskutiert.

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Kyanite and sillimanite in moldanubian granulites

Summary Kyanite always occurs in granulites free from any biotite; in micaceous granulite kyanite is replaced by sillimanite. Kyanite belongs to an early phase of crystallization with in the polymetamorphic genesis of the granulite complexes, and is therefore older than sillimanite. Sillimanite may grow directly out of kyanite, in most cases, however, sillimanite appears to grow independently from kyanite. The iron-contents of both aluminium-silicates are indicated and the genesis of the granulites is shortly discussed.

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Mit 8 Abbildungen

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Herrn Prof. DDr.H. Wieseneder zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

LESSONS FROM A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR COMPUTER MODELS OF COAL-BEARING DELTAS

A computer-generated model of a coal-bearing delta would be desirable if it included enough detail to reproduce the cyclical nature of the sediments. At the present stage of development of computers, and with the present state of knowledge of the quantitative aspects of transportation and sedimentation, it is not yet possible to set up such a model. However, the logical arrangement in a flow-diagram of the processes and parameters involved in delta formation strongly suggests that cyclical sedimentation can occur without the need for an external cyclical cause, such as tectonic or climatic oscillations. Attempts to provide for appropriate checks of a computer model bring out overall regularities in the assemblages of cyclic types in three different coal basins.     

Zinc content in otoliths of mackerel from the Aegean

The zinc content in otoliths of the mackerel (Scomber japonicus colias) has been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Six groups each of twelve specimens of the same age selected from three areas of the Aegean sea have been analysed. The zinc content was found to be a linear function of the age and body length.