秋季南黄海网采浮游生物的生物量谱

对2006年9月南黄海浮游生物网(孔径为70,160,505μm)采集样品内的浮游生物个体大小的粒径分布进行研究,确定各粒级大小的功能群组成,建立2006年秋季调查水域网采浮游生物的生物量谱,比较分析三个特征水域(黄海近岸、黄海中部及黄海和东海交汇区)的浮游生物生物量谱特征参数的异质性。结果表明:三种网采浮游生物粒级范围主要包括100 pg/个~70 ng/个的浮游植物和70 ng/个~62 mg/个的浮游动物。Sheldon型生物量谱为近似连续的波动曲线,标准型生物量谱为线型。总测区的标准生物量谱斜率和截距为-0.74和18.64,各个特征水域,黄海中部为-0.67和15.60、黄海近岸为-0.64和14.34、黄海、东海交汇区为-0.73和18.03。浮游动物种类多样性对标准生物量谱的特征参数具有较显著的影响。     

东海盆地某油气田A井P层沉积体系研究

东海盆地某油气田A井钻遇古近系平湖组P层为一套灰绿色含砾细砂岩.对此层中的微量元素、古生物资料、粒度特征以及测井资料的分析表明：沉积物中的硼元素含量较低,Sr/Ba比值小于1,Fe/Mn比值远大于5,这些指标反映沉积水体为淡水;同时,Ni/Co比值大多数介于2.5～5之间,而V/Ni比值大于1,指示研究层位沉积于还原环境中.该层沉积物中,蕨类孢子含量极高,花粉组合以阔叶类木本为主,且含较多喜暖湿针叶类花粉,说明当时盆地周边区域气候大致相当于现代亚热带气候,较温暖且偏湿润.A井P层中,砾石具近源快速堆积特征,泥岩属较深水沉积,岩层粒度具浊积岩特征;结合空间岩性展布状况可以判断,P层沉积相属于温暖湿润气候下的淡水近岸水下扇相.     

三疣梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的病原及其致病性研究

为进一步搞清养殖梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的病原及其致病机理,找到有效的防治方法,2002-2004年在浙江省宁波、舟山等地养殖场,从濒死的梭子蟹体内分离出1205-11和1205-21两株菌。通过菌体形态、培养特性和生理生化反应,鉴定这2株菌分别为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和葡萄牙假丝酵母(Candida lusitaniae)。人工感染试验证实,这2株菌是梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的病原菌,葡萄牙假丝酵母为继发性感染病原,蟹体外部的损伤及蟹之间相互残伤可能是传染的主要途径。     

海底输油管道底砂床冲刷机理研究

设计了海底输油管道水槽冲刷试验模型,研究了海底输油管道与砂床处于不同相对位置情况下床砂起动流速的变化,采用理想流体映射定理对其进行了理论分析,探讨起动流速变化规律。结合有限元数值模拟对试验进行细化分析,研究了海底管道底砂床砂粒起动的产生机理,根据研究结果将冲刷过程划分为五个阶段。阐明了海底管道暴露冲刷的危害性和实时监测的重要性。     

盐度对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)和太平洋双色鳗鲡(A. bicolor pacifica)幼鳗鳃丝 及肾脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响

采用酶学分析的方法,以淡水组为对照,进行了盐度变化对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)[体质量(10.70±0.92)g]和太平洋双色鳗鲡(A. bicolor pacifica)幼鳗[体质量(12.11±0.79)g]鳃丝及肾脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力影响的研究。结果表明,经不同的盐度(5、10、18)处理,各处理组的花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力均呈现先降低后升高最后再降低并趋于稳定的趋势。前者24h时达到最低值,48h时盐度10处理组上升至与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而盐度18处理组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。后者6h时达到最低值,12h时盐度5和18处理组达到最高值,24h时盐度10处理组达到最高值。盐度变化对花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗肾脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力影响不明显。太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶酶活提升速度及提升幅度均强于花鳗鲡幼鳗,故认为在盐度范围0—18时,太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗比花鳗鲡幼鳗对盐度变化具有更强的适应能力。     

甲烷流体活动与沉积物中碳、氮同位素组成响应——南海东北部海洋IV号地区研究

南海东沙群岛东北部海洋IV号地区GC16站重力柱状沉积物中的有机碳、总氮,以及自生碳酸盐岩矿物的无机碳同位素组成分析结果表明,甲烷流体活动区硫酸盐甲烷转换带(SMTZ—sulfate methane transition zone)是重要的生物地球化学界面,该带内沉积物中有机碳、氮与无机碳同位素组成变化明显。GC16站SMTZ上界面以下的沉积物中有机碳、氮同位素组成分别比其上的沉积物负偏1.4‰PDB和0.93‰,反映该带内甲烷缺氧氧化作用(AOM—anaerobic oxidation of methane)与氨氧化作用发育。无机碳同位素组成表明SMTZ界面之下沉积物中的自生碳酸盐岩矿物为以微生物为媒介的甲烷驱动成因,地质历史时期(至柱状沉积物底部沉积时期)曾发生过2次较强烈的CH₄流体活动;目前该区甲烷流体活动较弱,甲烷流体影响深度与SMTZ上界面一致,未能到达海底。     

Methods and procedures to determine the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

This paper establishes techniques and methods to determine a variety of boundaries associated with 200 nautical miles beyond the continental shelf. The methods, based on topography, slope and second-deriv- ative profile integrated analysis, are now able to identify automatically the foot of the continental slope （FOS）. By analyzing the sedimentary profile, the points of 1% sediment thickness are recognized. Through the intersection, cut, deletion and mergence calculation of the extrapolated data set of fLxed-point series, the method succeeds in generating automatically the extrapolated boundaries, including the FOS＋60 M line, the 350 M line, and the 2500 m＋100 M line. In addition, based on the automatic analysis of the topographic profile, it can be applied to determine rapidly the points of maximum water depth. Taking the northern Okinawa Trough （OT） as an example, these methods are used to calculate and examine the boundaries in- cluded in the Submission by the People＇s Republic of China Concerning the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical miles in Part of the East China Sea （ECS）; the boundaries thus derived have a solid scientific and rational basis.     

海面与海底地磁日变化差异及其对海洋磁力测量的影响

给出了海面与海底地磁日变化的计算公式,仿真分析了海面与海底地磁日变化差异,探讨了其对海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正的影响。结果表明:对于不同的地磁日变,海面与海底的地磁日变存在着较大的差异,且其随着地磁倾角的变化而变化,对磁测有一定的影响。为此,远海区海洋磁力测量中,建议联合采用地面日变站和海底日变站来减小或消除海面与海底地磁日变差异对磁测的影响,提高地磁日变改正的精度。     

多波束海底地形数据空值区域的插值填补方法分析

由于边界误差剔除、测线布设过于稀疏等因素影响,利用多波束数据生成高分辨率DEM时,常常会存在一些水深空值单元或区域。为了对这些数据空值区域进行可靠填补,在考虑地形特征及空值单元大小的情况下,利用IDW、Spline、Kriging、TIN四种插值方法对某区域多波束海底DEM空值区域进行直接内插填补试验,结果表明插值算法的选取不仅受地形类型限制,而且与空值区域的大小也密切相关。     

Grain size composition and transport of sedimentary organic carbon in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent waters

Surface sediments from the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay,and their adjacent waters were analyzed for their grain size distribution,organic carbon(OC) concentration,and stable carbon isotope composition(δ13C).Based on this analysis,about 36 surface sediment samples were selected from various environments and separated into sand(0.250 mm,0.125–0.250 mm,0.063–0.125 mm) and silt(0.025–0.063 mm)fractions by wet-sieving fractionation methods,and further into silt-(0.004–0.025 mm) and clay-sized(0.004mm) fractions by centrifugal fractionation.Sediments of six grain size categories were analyzed for their OC andδ13C contents to explore the grain size composition and transport paths of sedimentary OC in the study area.From fine to coarse fractions,the OC content was 1.18%,0.51%,0.46%,0.42%,0.99%,and 0.48%,respectively,while theδ13C was –21.64‰,–22.03‰,–22.52‰,–22.46‰,–22.36‰,and –22.28‰,respectively.In each size category,the OC contribution was 42.96%,26.06%,9.82%,5.75%,7.09%,and 8.33%,respectively.The OC content in clay and fine silt fractions(0.025 mm) was about 69.02%.High OC concentrations were mainly found in offshore modern sediments in the northeast of the Changjiang River Estuary,in modern sediments in the lower estuary of the Changjiang River and Hangzhou Bay,and in Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island.Integrating the distribution of terrestrial OC content of each grain size category with the δ13C of the bulk sediment indicated that the terrestrial organic material in the Changjiang River Estuary was transported seaward and dispersed to the Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island via two pathways:one was a result of the Changjiang River Diluted Water(CDW) northeastward extending branch driven by the North Jiangsu Coastal Current and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current,while the other one was the result of the CDW southward extending branch driven by the Taiwan Warm Current.