泉州湾赤潮藻类优势种演替影响因子探讨

于2006年5—11月对东海泉州湾赤潮监控区设定4个采样站位,进行赤潮常规监测。结果表明,泉州湾藻类优势种由中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、太平洋海链藻(Thalassiosira pacifica)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)及旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)等赤潮生物组成,虽然中肋骨条藻为最主要的优势种,但有3个站位出现了上述优势种的演替。通过深入分析该海域水质营养盐含量及组成结构的动态变化对赤潮藻类优势种演替的影响,发现由于不同的赤潮藻类种群具有各自的生态习性及适应环境的生长增殖策略,海域水质营养盐含量和组成结构的变化,会引起赤潮藻类种群增殖竞争力间强弱的相对变化,而种群增殖竞争力强的种类有可能迅速增殖取代原有的优势种而演替为新的优势种,这是一个动态的过程。     

基于SAR快速提取浒苔信息应用研究

2008年6月以来青岛近海出现的大面积浒苔对青岛奥帆赛场造成严重影响。如何快速、准确地发现浒苔,对治理浒苔具有显著的指导作用。采用卫星遥感数据,尤其是SAR数据对浒苔进行监测,运用一种基于区域增长面向对象的影像尺度分割方法,调整影像的分割尺度,快速提取浒苔信息,在浒苔遥感监测中效果显著。     

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.     

A Lagrangian mean theory on coastal sea circulation with inter-tidal transports Ⅱ. Numerical Experiments

The results of the new concept of coastal sea circulation are demonstrated by numerical simulations for the first time. The numerical experiments in three types of rectangular model seas illustrate the dependence of circulation on tidal phases due to the convectively nonlinear effect which is estimated by a newly defined drift dispersion in-dex. Then, the present theory is applied in the Bohai Sea of China. At the Bohai Straits and the Huanghe River mouth area the circulation direction even reverses owing to different initial tidal phases which shows that the the-ory copes with nonlinearity well. The calculated M2 tide-induced residual circulation shows that a clockwise gyre exists in the center of an anticlockwise gyre in the central Bohai Sea due to the topographic features. In the Bo-hai Gulf the tide induced circulation shows a 3D structure with outflow at the surface and the inflow at the bottom which can partly explains the spread of the Huanghe River fresh water out of the Bohai Gulf and the inflow of the sediment from the Huanghe River.     

BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷层序地层样式分析

珠江口盆地珠三坳陷是一个典型的箕状断陷盆地,其层序地层格架受到主干断裂特别是珠三南断裂的强烈控制。由于珠三南断裂活动的差异性,盆地东部、中部和西部表现为不同的格架样式。并据此划分出坳陷内的3种典型层序样式,分别是缓坡型、断控陡坡型和断阶型层序样式。文昌A凹陷与阳江低凸起过渡的斜坡区和文昌B凹陷与琼海低凸起过渡区为具有坡折的缓坡背景,发育缓坡坡折型层序样式,发育斜坡扇、盆底扇、低位楔。珠三南断裂等主干断裂下降盘发育断控陡坡带层序样式,在珠三南断裂中部地区,发育断阶型层序样式。     

用于养殖环境调控的微生物制剂评价方法的研究

为尝试建立对不同微生物制剂产品的客观评价方法体系,选择5种商品化复合微生物制剂,进行了菌数和主要组成种类等测定,并利用天然或人工模拟的养殖污水进行了不同微生物制剂对氨氮、亚硝酸态氮、COD等降解效果的比较,以及微生物制剂活化增效后的效果比较等.结果表明,不同的商业化复合微生物制剂在有益菌含量和水质污染降解效果方面存在较大差异.另外,微生物制剂在海水和淡水中以及是否经过活化,效果也存在较大差异.     

指数平滑模型在日本珍珠产量预测中的应用

为了准确地研判日本珍珠产业发展势态,科学地确立中国珍珠产业发展目标,有效地制定中国珍珠产业发展政策,采用EVIEWS5.0软件构建了指数平滑模型,并对日本2008～2015年的珍珠产量进行了预测,预测结果显示日本的珍珠产量持续下降,到2015年日本的珍珠产量达到12.35 t.     

柄海鞘对铅的生物富集作用

应用半静态的双箱式生物富集动力学模型,在室内研究了柄海鞘对重金属 Pb2+ 的生物富集作用,通过非线性拟合得到了相应的生物富集动力学参数.结果表明:柄海鞘对金属 Pb2+ 具有一定的富集作用,对 Pb2+ 的富集吸收速率常数 k1 和富集系数 BCF均随外部水体中 Pb2+ 浓度的增大而减小.富集平衡时,海鞘体内的铅含? Camax)与外部水体中 Pb2+ 的浓度基本呈正相关.柄海鞘不同器官中的 Pb 浓度不同,依次为:生殖腺>消化腺≈其他部分>外背囊.排出阶段 Pb 在柄海鞘体内的生物学半衰期(B1/2)为 10.05～36.76d.     

虾类遗传多样性的研究现状

同工酶技术已经被广泛应用于虾类群体遗传学及标记辅助选择育种等研究方面.同工酶电泳显示对虾有相应的亚群差异,暖水性虾类的遗传多样性水平高于冷温性种类;连续分布的且在不同生活史阶段所处的栖息地环境变化幅度大的种类往往表现出较低的遗传多态性,虾类群体的多态位点比例和杂合度都较低,养殖群体比野生群体更低.但同工酶电泳技术往往检测不出一些"隐性"或"中性"变异而低估了遗传多样性水平.随着分子生物学技术的发展,从20世纪90年代开始,虾类遗传多样性的研究逐渐向线粒体DNA和核DNA的多态性方向发展.限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)在虾类线粒体多倍型、物种标记以及比较野生和养殖群体线粒体COI 基因的多态性比较等方面应用普遍.随机扩增多态性(RAPD)技术主要应用于虾类不同地理群体遗传多态性调查,养殖群体与野生群体之间、养殖群体世代之间的遗传多态性比较,该技术得到的虾类遗传多样性水平高于同工酶电泳技术.扩增片断长度多态性(AFLP)技术在虾类中主要应用于遗传连锁图谱的构建,有关虾类的AFLP遗传多样性分析的报道不多.利用AFLP技术对连续选育群体的遗传多样性研究显示,随着选育世代的增加,选育群体的遗传多样性呈现下降趋势,但随着选育时间的延长,群体之间的分化逐渐降低,群体的遗传结构开始趋于稳定,成为一个品系.单一重复序列(SSR)技术主要用于标记种群遗传特异性、不同地理群体间以及野生和养殖群体间的遗传多样性差异.DNA序列分析技术特别是线粒体序列分析技术近年来在虾类遗传多样性研究中的应用逐渐增多.mtDNACOI、mtDNA12S rRNA和mtDNA16S rRNA的基因序列差异被应用于形态相近物种的鉴别、亚属分类、确定个体间亲缘关系和野生与养殖群体间的遗传多样性差异等.为了实现对虾类种群遗传差异的更深入了解,人们把种群遗传结构的研究和系统地理学相结合,即用分子系统地理学的方法来研究遗传谱系空间分布的历史特征,通过种群遗传结构的分析来探讨种内系统地理格局的形成机制、系统发育关系以及现有分布特征,并结合种群的地理分布状况来发现和验证与其相关的地质事件,追溯和揭示种群的进化历程.从育种、养殖以及资源保护的角度出发,人们开始研究野生群体的种质基因库,希望根据群体遗传结构确定合理的增殖策略,制定科学的保护措施,确保虾类养殖业的持续发展.