浅析我国公开地图上国界线附近地名注记的表示方法

我国国界线附近的地名标注涉及行政地名、自然地名、历史地名、国外地名、少数民族地名等,其标注形式多种多样。本文在研究当前我国关于公开地图上地名表示相关规定的基础上,提出了公开地图上边界线附近地名的标注不仅应考虑地图编制方面的要求,更应注重地名的政治导向、历史由来及少数民族语言翻译标准等多方面因素。     

中华哲水蚤对环状异帽藻生物调控的初步研究

在实验室条件下开展了中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)对海洋赤潮藻环状异帽藻(Heterocapsa circularisquama)的生物滤食及其影响因子研究。结果表明藻浓度、温度、盐度和光周期等对中华哲水蚤的滤食率均有显著的影响(P0.01)。中华哲水蚤对环状异帽藻的滤食率随藻浓度的增加呈递增趋势;在10～20℃时,中华哲水蚤对环状异帽藻的滤食活动随温度的升高而增强,表现为滤食率G和清滤率F都同时上升,最佳滤食温度是20℃;18～24盐度是中华哲水蚤滤食环状异帽藻的适宜盐度,低于或高于该盐度范围,F和G都降低;中华哲水蚤对环状异帽藻的滤食率和清滤率对光周期的响应完全一致,均在全黑暗条件下为最佳,在全光照条件下达最低。     

地图中国界线与经纬线关系表示方法探究

国界线是地图中的重要内容。经纬线不仅用于确定位置和方向,也用于国家之间划分国界线。地图上绘制国界线不仅要遵循相关法规、条约及标准,还应当正确处理好国界线与经纬线的关系。本文通过介绍地图中绘制国界线的依据,重点梳理国界线与经纬线关系容易出错的几个重点区域,对相关地图编制和地图审查部门起到一定的借鉴作用。     

Survivorship characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton assemblages in ballast water

Phytoplankton diversity and abundance were determined in ballast water from 26 vessels in the Shanghai Yangshan Deep-Water Port from April 2015 to January 2016. In total, 84 species of phytoplankton were identified, belonging to 43 genera and 5 phyla. Bacillariophyta (75.0%, including 30 genera and 63 species) were the dominant algae in the ballast water. Their density ranged from (5.55±9.62) SD to (1.878±0.872)×10 3 cells/L, with a mean of 410.1 cells/L. Nine potentially harmful phytoplankton taxa were detected: Ceratium furca , Ce . marcroceros , Leptocylindrus danicus , Coscinodiscus radiatus , Co . granii , Prorocentrum micans , Melosira sulcata , Meuniera membranacea and Skeletonema costatum . Our survey and identification results showed that Microcystis aeruginosa , Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Scenedesmus survived in the high-salinity ballast water, even though they are freshwater species. We identified the common features of surviving phytoplankton and impacts on the phytoplankton assemblage of ballast water age and source. Our goal was to understand the adaptative mechanisms of phytoplankton in ballast water, providing statistical and theoretical support for future ballast water research and suggesting a scientific basis of ballast water management and inspection of vessels entering the port.     

Survivorship characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton assemblages in ballast water

Phytoplankton diversity and abundance were determined in ballast water from 26 vessels in the Shanghai Yangshan Deep-Water Port from April 2015 to January 2016. In total, 84 species of phytoplankton were identified, belonging to 43 genera and 5 phyla. Bacillariophyta(75.0%, including 30 genera and63 species) were the dominant algae in the ballast water. Their density ranged from(5.55±9.62) SD to(1.878±0.872)×10~3 cells/L, with a mean of 410.1 cells/L. Nine potentially harmful phytoplankton taxa were detected: Ceratium furca, Ce. marcroceros, Leptocylindrus danicus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Co. granii,Prorocentrum micans, Melosira sulcata, Meuniera membranacea and Skeletonema costatum. Our survey and identification results showed that Microcystis aeruginosa, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Scenedesmus survived in the high-salinity ballast water, even though they are freshwater species. We identified the common features of surviving phytoplankton and impacts on the phytoplankton assemblage of ballast water age and source. Our goal was to understand the adaptative mechanisms of phytoplankton in ballast water,providing statistical and theoretical support for future ballast water research and suggesting a scientific basis of ballast water management and inspection of vessels entering the port.     

四种沉水植物的克藻效应

设计一系列试验研究了四种沉水植物(金鱼藻、微齿眼子菜、苦草、伊乐藻)对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用．单独培养试验结果显示金鱼藻和微齿眼子菜具有较强的抑制藻类生长的作用,连续滴加种植水试验显示抑藻作用进一步加强．在植物的生长过程中其化感物质是连续释放的．并考察N、P等营养因素及微生物干扰对抑藻实验的影响．     

珠江口盆地燕山期岩浆岩的成因及构造环境

广泛分布在华南大陆的中生代岩浆岩（包括花岗岩、花岗闪地、闪长岩、石英闪长岩和石英二长岩等）,在珠江口盆地是构成第三系沉积基底的主要岩石。据２０多口探井对岩样的岩石性质、年龄、岩石化学、稀土元素和同位素等特征的分析,认定该区岩浆岩的侵入时期属于燕山期第三、四、五期;由陆至海,侵入时间具有逐渐变晚和侵入作用逐渐加强的趋势。其成因主要有陆壳改造和过渡同熔两种,具有火山弧、板内与同构造碰撞带花岗岩的特征,     

洋山港浮游植物群落特征研究

洋山港是上海航运的枢纽港,2009年1月～12月对洋山港浮游植物群落进行了生态学研究,共鉴定浮游植物5门58属112种,含赤潮藻类5门21属34种,群落结构组成以硅藻为主。其中优势种由具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、具翼漂流藻(Planktoniella blanda)、辐射圆筛藻(Cosci-nodiscus radiatus)、格氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus granii)、条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)、扭曲小环藻(Cyclotella comta)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschiapungens)以及短柄曲壳藻(Achnanthes brevipes)等构成。浮游植物细胞丰度变化范围是(6.15×104～1.39×104)ind/L,全年平均值为3.32×104ind/L,11月细胞丰度达到最高值,其次为3月,呈现双峰型的周年变化规律。硅藻在全年的浮游植物细胞丰度组成中始终占据绝对优势地位。相关性分析发现,浮游植物细胞丰度、温度和溶解氧两两间呈现出极显著相关性(P<0.01),其中仅细胞丰度与溶解氧之间呈现正相关(r>0),其余两两间为负相关关系(r<0)。     

长江中下游典型湿地沉积物-水界面硝酸盐异养还原过程

反硝化(Denitrification,DNF)和硝酸盐异化还原为氨(Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium,DNRA)是硝酸盐异养还原的2个主要途径.反硝化被认为是彻底去除水体氮负荷的主要过程;而硝酸盐异化还原为氨则将水体中的硝态氮转化为氨氮.2个过程均以硝酸盐为电子受体,并存在相互竞争关系.这2个过程的研究对理解湿地氮转化以及指导湿地氮污染修复具有重要意义.运用无扰动沉积物柱样流动培养、15NO-3-N同位素示踪实验,并采用氨氧化-膜接口质谱仪联用(OX/MIMS)测定氨氮同位素产物的方法,对鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地、巢湖重污染河流湿地、巢湖重污染湖泊湿地3种类型湿地沉积物-水界面的硝酸盐异养还原过程进行研究,结果表明存在显著差异.3种类型湿地DNF速率的范围为(6.36±2.57)~(99.98±14.05)μmol/(m2·h),DNRA速率的范围为(0.51±0.45)~(79.82±6.08)μmol/(m2·h).在3种类型湿地中,随着氮污染程度加重,DNF和DNRA速率均显著增加,且DNRA过程在总的硝态氮异养还原中所占的比重不断增大,说明较高的硝酸盐负荷、较高的沉积物有机质含量更有利于DNRA过程的竞争.而对反硝化方式的进一步研究发现,巢湖重污染河流、湖泊湿地主要以非耦合反硝化为主导过程,而鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地则更倾向于以硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化为主.     

850毫巴南海西北部西南季风潮及其与广东强降水的关系

本文对南海西北部西南季风潮的成因及其降水进行了初步分析,结果发现中印半岛西南风东传和副高西侧的西南风扰动是形成南海西北部西南季风潮的主要原因。它的出现与广东前汛期的强降水有密切关系。