南海海温与我国夏季降水相关关系的研究

近20年来,气象工作者一直把赤道东太平洋海温对我国汛期降水的影响作为海-气相互作用中的重要研究课题。陈烈庭(1977)研究了赤道东太平洋地区海温异常变化对我国汛期降水的影响;黄嘉佑(1989)利用相关矩方法分析了赤道东太平洋海温与我国夏季雨日之间的关系;魏风英等(1992)研究了赤道东太平洋海温等因子与长江流域夏季旱、涝之间的关系及各因子在旱、涝形成中的贡献。研究结果表明,赤道东太平洋海温对我国降水有显著影响。 南海地处赤道西太平洋边缘,是低纬热带海域,它位于季风气流上游,是我国夏季降水的水汽和各种能量的重要源地之一,因此该海域海表面温度(简称海温)的变化与季风环流的相互作用可直接影响我国东部低纬地区的降水。罗绍华等(1985)曾作过南海海温与长江中、下游夏季降水的相关分析,分析结果认为,南海前期海温变化与长江中、下游夏季降水有密切关系,即前期海温偏暖时,长江中、下游夏季降水往往偏多,反之,前期海温变冷时,降水少。但是,由于上述研究是利用1951-1972年的资料,而且仅限于长江中、下游地区与南海海温的相关分析,因而还不尽如人意。随着南海海温资料和我国降水资料的不断累积,为进一步深入研究南海海温变异与我国降水的关系提供更好的条件,本文试图通过分析南海前期各季海温与长江中、下游和东南沿海地区的降水关系,找出在海温影响下的降水分布特征及旱、涝出现规律,为长江中、下游和东南部地区旱、涝的长期预测提供依据。     

虹吸式雨量计的调试与常见故障

1虹吸式雨量计的调试 使用前应对其零点和虹吸点进行检查。首先调整零点，虹吸管安装好后，往盛水器里倒水（注意缓慢均匀地将水倒入盛水器），检查虹吸终止后笔尖的位置是否恰在自记纸的零线上。如有误差，可微调笔根螺丝，使笔尖指在零线上，如无效，应松开浮子直杆上的螺丝米调整它。零点位置调整好即要凋整虹吸点的位置，方法是：用雨量杯量10mm干净的水，     

Millennial-centennial scales climate changes of Holocene indicated by magnetic susceptibility of high-resolution section in Salawusu River valley,China

The upmost segment(Holocene series)of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section(MGS1)in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies,or dune sands and paleosols.The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high,in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks.The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia,respectively,and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of mil-lennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene.In terms of the time and the climate nature,the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well.They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.     

Geochemical baseline of trace elements in the sediment in Dexing area,South China

A baseline might be used as a point of reference to monitor change from some specific data without concern for whether the baseline determination is natural or has been changed by human activity. We selected 326 sediment samples from Dexing area, South China, and analyzed for 17 chemical elements. The geochemical baseline was predicted with the method of the normalization procedure combined with the relative cumulative frequency curve. The results indicate Al was the best reference element for the normalization procedure among four potential reference elements (Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn). The baseline value range obtained from the normalization procedure method included both the regional geochemical background of the sediment and the median value of the measured contents. The median value of baselines obtained from relative cumulative frequency method was lower than that obtained from normalization procedure method. In contrast to the geochemical patterns of heavy metals in 1987, the spatial distribution of anomalies sprawled in 2004 in study area, especially for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe, and Cr.     

汶川8.0级地震前后陕西地区地倾斜特征迁移分析

对汶川8.0级地震前后陕西地区地倾斜观测资料的分析发现,汶川地震前陕西地区地倾斜存在沿龙门山断裂带方向由东北向西南震中迁移,震后地倾斜反向迁移,迁移平均速度为3～4 km/天。进一步分析认为,震前陕西地区地倾斜向震源迁移可能对汶川8.0级地震起到了触发作用,而震后地倾斜向远场迁移有可能是诱发陕甘川交界的中强余震的主因。     

电视天气预报节目中视频音频同步问题探讨

国家广电总局把2004年定为数字发展年、产业发展年，树立了科学发展观，全面推进我国广播影视向现代化媒体的转变。新世纪、新阶段、新要求、新技术给我们的社会带来了新的变化。随着人民群众生活水平的不断提高，人们对精神文化需求呈现出新的特点：选择的范围大大扩展，消费的能力大大增     

郯庐断裂带中-南段中生代岩浆活动的构造背景与深部过程

郯庐断裂带内岩浆岩及糜棱岩的年龄及野外研究表明以中-酸性为主的岩浆活动主要发生在早白垩世走滑运动的晚期,岩石化学以富钾、富碱为特征;稀土元素以轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损为特征;微量元素表现出富集大离子亲石元素,尤其是强不相容元素;同位素组成显示岩浆来源于壳幔过渡带.带内岩浆活动明显受断裂带控制,走滑晚期的岩浆活动起源于地幔底侵、壳幔相互作用下的壳幔过渡带,在伊泽奈崎板块斜向俯冲、中国东部遭受区域性剪切-挤压的背景下出现.在此背景下中国东部发生了岩石圈减薄,同时出现了一系列北东-北北东向已深切至壳幔边界的左行平移断裂系,从而诱发了大规模的岩浆活动.     

改进的钢筋混凝土结构双参数地震破坏模型

本文在分析现有结构地震破坏模型的基础下，提出了一种改进掇参数地震破坏模型。文中采用三线退化型恢复力模型对实际钢筋混凝土结构在实际地震作用下的变形与累积耗能，极限变形与极限滞回耗能进行了分析，通过模型计算的破损结果与实际在结果的对比，研究了模型参数，从而建立了钢筋混凝土结构的双参数地震破坏模型。     

Valuation of lake and marsh wetlands ecosystem services in China

Wetlands are highly productive natural ecosystems, providing valuable goods and services. There is growing interest in transferring ecosystem service value from the existing wetlands studied to other wetlands ecosystems at a large geographic scale. The benefit transfer method uses the known values from wetlands to predict the value of other wetland sites. This methodology requires only limited time and resources. The present study calculated the value of the ecological services provided by lake and marsh wetlands in China in terms of biodiversity indices, water quality indices and economic indices. Basic data on wetlands were obtained through remote sensing images. The results show that: 1) The total ecosystem service value of the lake and marsh wetlands in 2008 was calculated to be 8.1841 × 1010 United States Dollars(USD), with the marsh and lake wetlands contributing 5.6329 × 1010 and 2.5512 × 1010 USD, respectively. Values of marsh ecosystem service were concentrated in Heilongjiang Province(2.5516 × 1010 USD), Qinghai Province(1.2014 × 1010 USD), and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(1.1884 × 1010 USD). The value of the lakes were concentrated in Tibet Autonomous Region(6.223 × 109 USD), Heilongjiang(5.810 × 109 USD), and Qinghai(5.500 × 109 USD). 2) Waste treatment and climate regulation services contributed to 26.29% and 24.74% respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the marsh wetlands. Hydrological regulation and waste treatment contributed to 41.39% and 32.75%, respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the lake wetlands. 3) The total ecological service value of the lake and marsh wetlands was 54.64% of the total service value of natural grassland ecosystems and 30.34% of the total service value of forests ecosystems in China.     

Dating of two thermokarst lakes in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain their age.We obtained lake-bottom samples of 50 cm length from lake BLH-A and 25 cm length from lake BLH-B.Environmental 137 Cs and 210 Pb and radiocarbon age dating techniques were applied to the 50 cm and 25 cm samples,respectively.The results indicate that the initiation of BLH-A is about 800-900 a B.P.,and approximately 1,450±30 a B.P.to 2,230±30 a B.P.for BLH-B.These results will provide scientific bases for sedimentological study and thermokarst activity in Beiluhe Basin.