An estimation of internal soliton forces on a pile in the ocean

Internal soliton forces on oil-platform piles in the ocean are estimated with the Morison Formula. Different from sur- face wave forces, which change only in magnitude along a pile, internal soliton forces can be distributed over the entire pile in the water and they change not only in magnitude but also in direction with depth. Our calculations show that the maximum total force caused by a soliton with its associated current of 2.1 m s-1 is nearly equal to the maximum total force exerted by a surface wave with a wavelength of 300 m and a wave-height of 18 m. The total internal soliton force is large enough to affect the operations of marine oil platforms and other facilities. Therefore, the influence of internal solitons should not be neglected in the design of oil platforms.     

Exopolysaccharide production by four cyanobacterial isolates and preliminary identification of these isolates

Four marine cyanobacterial isolates, named 104, 109, 113 and 115, from marine water off China＇s coast can release a large amount of exopolysaccharide （EPS） to medium. The effects of different components in medium on EPS production by the four isolates were investigated. Under the optimal condition, the EPS released by isolates 104,109, 113 and 115 reached 7.48 g L^-1, 8.33 g L^-1, 18.26 g L^-1, and 6.78 g L^-1 within 14 d,respectively. Based on the conventional identification methods for cyanobacteria,these isolates were assigned to genus Cyanothece.     

Nonlinear coupled analysis of a single point mooring system

Coupled effects on a single point mooring(SPM) system subjected to the combined action of wind,waves and current are studied in this paper. Due to the complicatedness of the sea state and the huge size of the vessel,physical experimental study is both time consuming and uneconomical,whereas the numerical study is cost-effective and DNV software provides powerful SESAM software in solving the issues. This paper focuses on the modeling process of the SPM system,catenary equilibrium calculation,static analysis of the vessel in three different scenarios,and dynamic response simulation of the SPM system under environmental excitations. The three scenarios in study are as follows:the SPM is under the combined function of(a) wind,waves and current,(b) wind and waves,(c) current and waves. They are so set that one can compare the contributions of different types of loads in both static and dynamic studies. Numerical study shows that wind and current are the two major factors contributing to the mooring line tension,and surge and sway are the two dominant motions of the moored vessel subjected to environmental excitations.     

两次区域性暴雨过程副高三维结构对比分析

为探讨夏季不同大气环流背景下区域性暴雨过程副高结构特征及其对降水的贡献,利用2005年6-7月降水量和NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析等资料,采用特征指数分析和物理量诊断方法,对比分析了2005年夏季两次区域性暴雨的副高三维结构特征。结果发现,夏季不同的大气环流背景下,两次区域性暴雨过程副高结构性质分别表现为热力性高压脊和动力性高压脊特征,从而导致两次暴雨过程的水汽供应条件和产生强烈上升运动的大尺度背景场存在差异。     

川渝地区夏季旱涝与海温异常浅析

利用1951—2006年6—8月降水资料计算了川渝地区旱涝指数Z指数,确定出该区域旱涝等级及其对应年份,分析这一带历年旱涝情况及年际变化特征,并用相关和合成分析法分析旱涝与海温的关系。结果表明,1950年代末至1970年代前期,这一带地区以旱为主,3个重旱年有2年出现在这个时段内;1970年代末至2003年,旱涝年均有,但以涝为主,2006年则出现了1951年以来最旱的年份。旱涝指数与SST的相关分析显示Z指数与前期SST,特别是1—3月SST有较好的相关关系,Z指数与赤道中东太平洋SST显著正相关。重涝年赤道中东太平洋广大海域SST呈明显的正距平,而重旱年则为大范围SST负距平。2006年1—3月赤道中东太平洋海温呈明显负距平、南太平洋20°S以南到40°S之间海域海温呈显著正距平有利于川渝地区出现严重干旱。     

向心扩张指数构建及其在郑州都市圈城镇空间扩张中的应用

探究城镇空间扩张的方向性及其时间变化特征,能够反映都市圈发展过程中核心城市与边缘地区空间关联的动态过程,为制定都市圈发展的相关政策提供科学依据。本文从都市圈的核心城市与边缘地区相互关联的视角,借鉴物理学中力的分解原理,构建了同时兼顾扩张强度和方向性的向心扩张指数CEI,并以郑州都市圈为对象,采用2000—2018年30 m分辨率的全球人造不透水面数据产品GAIA,分析了建设用地扩张的总体数量和占比变化、动态度及强度变化、以及空间方向性变化等特征,进一步应用多元逻辑回归模型,揭示了影响城镇空间扩张向心性的关键因素。结果表明：(1)向心扩张指数CEI为揭示都市圈核心城市对边缘地区的辐射带动作用提供方法支撑,能够定量刻画边缘地区朝向核心城市的发展趋势;(2)在郑州都市圈近20年的快速扩张过程中,尽管各区县市的DEI指数和CEI指数随时间而增减波动,但郑州都市圈总体呈现“核心—边缘”发展模式,除个别地级市中心城区及其下辖县以外,多数区县市的向心性显著且随时间增强,郑州市中心城区对于边缘地区具有显著的辐射带动作用;(3)核心城市与边缘地区的人均GDP差异及城镇化率差异是影响边缘地区向心扩张的重要...     

Selection of hazardous waste dumpsites based on parameters effecting soil adsorption capacity – a case study

A careful selection of waste dumpsites, particularly hazardous ones, is very important for sustainable water resources management. Several laboratory experiments were carried out on the field samples to study adsorption capacity using p-dichlorobenzene (a solvent used in various industrial processes) as the test contaminant. The effect of parameters such as organic matter, clay, and iron and aluminium oxides, which are known to influence the soil adsorption capacity, are studied in the present work. Several soil samples from the Patancheru Industrial Area (Hyderabad, India) were collected and characterized. Only three soils, which had a comparatively high percentage of organic matter, clay, iron and aluminium oxide contents were used for the adsorption studies. The results clearly indicated a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the soils by as much as 75% when organic matter was removed. The other parameters such as clay and iron and aluminium oxides also play an important role in adsorption (57 and 39.8% reduction respectively). It was observed that out of the selected factors organic matter in the soils has the maximum effect regarding the adsorption of p-dichlorobenzene. Since the selected soils contain comparatively more organic matter, clay and iron and aluminium oxides in the selected industrial area, these can be used as sites for dumping hazardous waste, which can be further treated by methods like bioremediation.     

Observation of abnormal thermal and infrasound signals prior to the earthquakes: a study on Bonin Island earthquake M7.8 (May 30, 2015)

Scientists from all over the world try to incorporate multi-disciplinary precursors to forecast the earthquake on a short-term basis. The authors here have analyzed outgoing longwave radiations acquired from polar-orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA) satellites and long-period infrasound waves recorded by the ground observatories in China prior to the recent Bonin Islands, Japan region earthquake which occurred on May 30, 2015 with the magnitude of 7.8. The anomalous outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) was observed on May 15, 2015, and was recorded by “NOAA 18” satellite during its “night pass.” Similarly, an abnormal infrasound spike was recorded at the Beijing station on May 17, 2015. The delay in observing anomalous infrasound waves compared to the OLR anomaly is due to these low-frequency waves traveling at low speed with the velocity range of 10–15 m/s. From the analysis of the results, it can be inferred that there is a substantial relation between parameters like OLR and infrasound waves; hence, the authors conclude that it is possible to forecast the earthquake on a short-term basis with reasonable accuracy.     

会理县小青山铜金矿区硅质钠长石岩研究

岩石空间产出特征、岩相学、岩石化学、稀土元素地球化学特征及成岩成矿作用特征等分析研究表明,硅质钠长石岩是经沉积变质、硅质钠质交代作用形成的,原岩组成多样,主要为碳质板岩,其次为条带状泥砂质白云岩,局部也可以是辉绿辉长岩。     

Eclogite relics in the Variscan orogenic belt of Bulgaria (SE Europe)

Eclogitic rocks were sampled from two zones in the basement of the Sredna Gora terrane (central western Bulgaria): (1) partially retrogressed eclogites and amphibolites embedded in sillimanite-bearing garnet-micaschists with kyanite relics and migmatites and (2) banded amphibolites associated with muscovite-bearing metagranites within two-mica paragneisses. Rutile relics and oligoclase + green hornblende + epidote ± biotite pseudomorphs after garnet suggest an eclogite facies event. A tholeiitic, transitional affinity was determined for the protoliths, suggesting a continental rift environment, consistent with several eclogite-bearing complexes in the eastern segments of the Variscan belt that arose from the Cambro-Ordovician Gondwana break-up. Decreasing pressure after the eclogite overprint was demonstrated by (a) diopside-albite symplectite, and (b) plagioclase + red–brown to green amphibole kelyphite. The early static re-equilibration, dated to 398 ± 5.2 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar technique, was followed by an amphibolite facies foliation, which was pervasive in amphibolites, gneisses and micaschists, and poorly developed in eclogites. The lithospheric PT paths corresponding to higher and lower metamorphic gradients reflect the juxtaposition of crustal and lithospheric mantle units, respectively. In the build-up of the basement of the Balkan orogen, the physical properties of the lithological complexes might have influenced the collisional pattern of involved microplates.