利用雷电定位系统进行电网雷击故障快速查询

At present, lightning is one of the 10 natural disasters, and it is also the top environmental factor of power interruption. It often causes huge losses to the electric system. The Wuhan High Voltage Institute of the State Grid Corporation of China and Huazhong University of Science and Technology have been researching and developing lightning location systems （LLSs） since the late 1980s. In the mid-1990s, a lightning detection network was created in 29 provinces and cities in China. It is primarily applied to rapidly find lightning accidents, which greatly reduces power interruption. Also, it ensures high efficiency and safe operation of the electricity system. Remarkable benefit is achieved. China＇s LLS went through an ＂orientation positioning - time difference positioning - integrated positioning＂ development process. The positioning precision, detection efficiency, degree of automation, practicability and applied range are improved. Also, a lightning information system plan of the national network has been implemented, which services the whole society.     

中国海洋生物地球化学过程研究的最新进展

海洋是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,在地球系统中,其与大气、陆地紧密联系在一起,在调节全球气候等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。全球变化引起的海洋变化十分明显,现在已经能够观测到海洋的大尺度物理、化学和生物特征的变化,其中海洋食物链结构、海岸带富营养化和珊瑚礁退化最为     

Numerical Modeling on Suspended Sediment Transportation in the Hangzhou Bay

In this paper the characteristics of tidal flow and seasonal variation of seidment content in theHangzhou Bay and their affecting factors are studied.Field investigations and data analysis indicate thatthe sediment movement is mainly influenced by the Yangtze estuary and the sediment of the Yangtze estua-ry is induced by wind wave and tidal flow.Owing to the variation of dynamic conditions,the instanta-neous sediment content is controlled by tidal flow,wind wave,depth of water and tidal range synthetically.A sediment content relationship formula is established with related factors.A non-equilibrium2-dimensional numerical model of suspended sediment transportation is set up,and the finite element meth-od is applied.The computation results of the model is in accordance with field data.     

Community structure changes of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea

The ecological environment in the Yellow Sea has changed greatly from the 1950s to 1990s and this has had significant impact on marine organisms. In this study, data on soft-sediment macrobenthos occurring in depths from 25 m to 81 m in the South Yellow Sea were used to compare changes in community structure. The agglomerative classification (CLUSTER) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods were applied. Five communities were recognized by cluster analysis: 1. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass community dominated by cold water species, which changed slightly in species composition since the 1950s; 2. The mixed community with the coexistence of cold water species and warm water species, as had been reported previously; 3. The polychaete-dominated eurythermal community in which the composition changed considerably as some dominant species disappeared or decreased; 4. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuarine community, with some typical estuarine species; 5. The community affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The greatest change occurred in the coastal area, which indicated that the change may be caused by human activities. Macrobenthos in the central region remained almost unchanged, particularly the cold water species shielded by the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. The depth, temperature and median grain size of sediments were important factors affecting the distributions of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea.     

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比关系一直存有分歧.综合分析前人生物地层学资料,并结合同位素年代学,提出老公沟层、业南沟层、尖山沟层和冀北滦平盆地大店子组1~2段及3~4段下部相当,大康堡层可与大店子组3~4段上部对比,金刚山层与西瓜园组大致相当.     

Thinning and shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.     

Spatial-temporal patterns of China’s interprovincial migration, 1985-2010

Migration plays an increasing role in China's economy since mobility rose and economic restructuring has proceeded during the last three decades. Given the background of most studies focusing on migration in a particular period, there is a critical need to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of migration. Using bicomponent trend mapping technique and interprovincial migration data during the periods 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, and 2005-2010 we analyze net-, in-, out-migration intensity, and their changes over time in this study. Strong spatial variations in migration intensity were found in China's interprovincial migration, and substantial increase in migration intensity was also detected in eastern China during 1985-2010. Eight key destinations are mostly located within the three rapidly growing economic zones of eastern China (Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region), and they are classified into three types: mature, emerging, and fluctuant origins, while most key origins are relatively undeveloped central and western provinces, which are exactly in accordance with China's economic development patterns. The results of bicomponent trend mapping indicate that, in a sense, the migration in the south was more active than the north over the last three decades. The result shows the new changing features of spatial-temporal patterns of China's interprovincial migration that Fan and Chen did not find out in their research. A series of social-economic changes including rural transformation, balanced regional development, and labor market changes should be paid more attention to explore China's future interprovincial migration.     

席状岩浆房中的岩浆冷却及动力稳定性

关于岩浆房中岩浆的结晶分异方式一直存在着争议,其基本矛盾在于对岩浆冷却历史及热不稳定性可能引起的对流形式的理解各不相同。本文在充分考虑席状岩浆房的基本物理特征的基础上,建立了稳定岩浆体系的动态冷却模型,并以攀枝花层状岩体为例,计算了相应的温度场、密度场及粘度场。同时,提出了一种基于能量守恒的、对热不稳定性进行分析的新方法。计算了热不稳定性可能引起的对流强度、对流区域及对流时间,并深入讨论了在一定的热不稳定状态下,不同的岩浆屈服强度对对流特征参量的影响。结果表明,在该岩体的整个固化过程中,如果曾发生过自发对流,其对流也是极微弱而短暂的,不会影响中下部岩浆房中岩浆的固化和结晶。这一结论与对该岩体的实际观察相符。     

含有部分脱胶的浅埋圆夹杂对SH波的散射

采用复变函数法研究了含有部分脱胶的浅埋圆柱形弹性夹杂对SH波的散射与地震动问题。在圆形弹性夹杂中构造一个满足脱胶部分应力自由的驻波函数,将其展开为含有一个待定系数的Fourier级数。在半空间中,介质应满足脱胶部分应力自由、公共边界处位移和应力连续的边界条件,从而建立起求解该问题的无穷代数方程组。最后,给出了地表位移的数值结果。给果表明,入射波参数、脱胶位置、弹性夹杂参数以及埋深对地表位移都有一定程度的影响。     

渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动

渤海位于北华北新生代裂陷盆地的东部,是一个晚第四纪形成的内陆海盆. 渤海盆地活动断裂发育,地震活动强烈,交会于渤海中部的NE向营口——潍坊断裂带北段、庙西北——黄河口——临邑断裂带及NW向北京——蓬莱断裂带是主要的活动构造带,将海区分成4个次级新构造区,成为现代应力场作用的构造基础. 综合研究38个震源机制解和75个井区应力场等资料,以及构造应力场二维数值模拟计算结果表明,渤海及其邻区现代构造应力场的压应力方向为NE60～90,张应力为SN——NW30;以水平和近水平应力作用为主;不同构造区主应力方向存在一定的差异. 现今渤海地区地壳发育以NNE——NE和NW——WNW走向的共轭剪切破裂为特征,是控制地震活动的主要构造.