顾及有效区域的Voronoi图的正射影像拼接

无人机影像的重叠度通常较大(60%~80%),对纠正后的正射影像进行拼接处理时,往往会产生很大的数据冗余。同时,影像越靠近边缘处变形越大,影响拼接精度。提出了一种顾及有效区域的Voronoi图的拼接线自动选取方法,基于整体构建拼接线网络,并根据影像有效区域优化拼接线,保证拼接的精度和效率。实验表明,该方法切实可行。     

边缘耀斑中HeI 10830的加宽计算

讨论了 ＨｅＩ １０８３０Ａ的 Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ和 Ｓｔａｒｋ加宽机制以及各种加宽参数的计算，并 得到以下一些结论：辐射阻尼对 ＨｅＩ １０８３０ Ａ的加宽作用与 Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ效应相比可以忽略； 在公认的耀斑电子密度（Ｎｅ＝３．２ ×１０１３ｃｍ－３）的情况下，所有阻尼项均不可能产生可以 觉察的加宽；直到 Ｎｅ＝１０１５ｃｍ－３，各种阻尼对线心半宽的增加都不起作用，其值最多 在１０－３的量级，因此；线心都可以看作是Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ加宽；当 Ｎｅ＞１０１４ ｃｍ－３时，Ｓｔａｒｋ 加宽，特别是电子碰撞的 Ｓｔａｒｋ加宽将在 ＨｅＩ １０８３０ Ａ的加宽中起主要作用；如要 Ｓｔａｒｋ 加宽谱线的线翼比纯Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ加宽大１－２倍，则阻尼加宽半宽与。可以相比拟；如果 用 Ｓｔａｒｋ加宽来解释 １９８９年边缘耀斑的观测轮廓，则电子密度将达１０～（１７）ｃｍ－３，与氦 原子的碰撞阻尼（γ３）造成的加宽对Ｉ１２和Ｉ３两分量明显不同，它们对Ｉ１２的影响比对Ｉ３ 的影响大近一个量级，我们的观测显示Ｉ１２和Ｉ３线翼的延伸基本一样，因而我们的观测 轮廓不可能是γ３造成的     

数量性状位点的相对选择效率

从理论上采用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟的方法研究了不同遗传力条件下数量性状位点的直接选择(DSQ)和以表型为基础的选择(TBS)在10个不重叠世代中的选择反应以及DSQ相对于TBS的优势。结果表明,在10个世代中DSQ的选择进展在几乎总是大于TBS的选择进展,说明DSQ较TBS具有优越性;但DSQ的相对选择效率(RSE)会随着世代数的增加而呈现较迅速下降的趋势,单个性状情况下RSE则呈直线下降的趋势。随着选择代数的增加,DSQ将失去其优越性,TBS在遗传进展上将超过DSQ。     

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不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血细胞发生的影响

以全鱼粉作为唯一蛋白源(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料设置3个实验组,进行56 d的养殖实验。通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究人工培育的褐点石斑鱼幼鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,以及不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼血细胞发生的影响。结果表明:褐点石斑鱼外周血液中的白细胞由淋巴细胞(53.30%±4.66%)、血栓细胞(35.69%±3.85%)、嗜中性粒细胞(10.34%±3.14%)、单核细胞(0.28%±0.36%)、浆细胞(0.24%±0.34%)和嗜酸性粒细胞(0.15%±0.27%)组成;组织印迹片中,未成熟的红细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞主要在头肾印迹片中出现,未成熟的单核细胞主要在头肾和脾脏印迹片中出现,血栓细胞在肝脏印迹片中数量最多,推断褐点石斑鱼幼鱼主要的造血组织是头肾,其次是脾脏;在4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞,在肝脏印迹片中观察到巨噬细胞,在头肾印迹片中还观察到巨大原红细胞。显微观察和数据统计分析的结果都表明,投喂5种蛋白源不同的配合饲料,未对褐点石斑鱼4种组织中血细胞的发生情况造成显著影响。     

冰岛北部陆架末次冰消期以来基于硅藻的古环境记录

冰岛北部陆架MD99-2271孔沉积硅藻组合呈现暖水硅藻数量增加、冷水硅藻数量减少和这两类硅藻数量周期性此消彼长的特点,反映了气候在趋暖的背景下,冷暖交替的过程。通过该区温度指数Rw/wc值(暖水硅藻种含量与海冰种及暖水种含量总和的比值)的变化,重建了冰岛北部陆架古海洋环境:Blling-Allerd暖期时,暖水硅藻T.nitzschioides含量较高,表明印明格暖流对研究区的影响较强;随着暖水硅藻含量减少,海冰硅藻F.cylindrus和T.bulbosa的显著增加,此时暖流强度减弱,东格陵兰寒流明显增强,冰岛北部海域进入末次冰消期以来最冷的时期——Younger Dryas冷期。11cal.kaBP左右暖水硅藻T.nitzschioides和T.oestrupii数量急剧升高,表明该海域海洋环境发生了明显变化,并逐步向全新世大暖期过渡,此时冰岛北部陆架海域现代海洋格局基本形成。全新世大暖期时,硅藻群落表现为暖水种的显著增多,海冰、极地及冷水硅藻较之前明显减少,说明冰岛北部海域主要受北大西洋暖流的分支——印明格暖流的影响,海洋环境较温暖;6cal.kaBP之后东格陵兰寒流逐渐增强,冰岛北部海洋环境转冷,全新世大暖期结束。     

Input data resolution‐induced uncertainty in watershed modelling

The temporal‐spatial resolution of input data‐induced uncertainty in a watershed‐based water quality model, Hydrologic Simulation Program‐FORTRAN (HSPF), is investigated in this study. The temporal resolution‐induced uncertainty is described using the coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is found to decrease with decreasing temporal resolution and follow a log‐normal relation with time interval for temperature data while it exhibits a power‐law relation for rainfall data. The temporal‐scale uncertainties in the temperature and rainfall data follow a general extreme value distribution and a Weibull distribution, respectively. The Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) is employed to represent the spatial resolution induced uncertainty. The spatial resolution uncertainty in the dissolved oxygen and nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations simulated using HSPF is observed to follow a general extreme value distribution and a log‐normal distribution, respectively. The probability density functions (PDF) provide new insights into the effect of temporal‐scale and spatial resolution of input data on uncertainties involved in watershed modelling and total maximum daily load calculations. This study exhibits non‐symmetric distributions of uncertainty in water quality modelling, which simplify weather and water quality monitoring and reducing the cost involved in flow and water quality monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of water retention curve hysteresis on the stability of unsaturated soil slopes

Hysteresis is a common feature exhibited in hydraulic properties of an unsaturated soil. The movement of wetting front and the hysteresis effect are important factors which impact the shear strength of the unsaturated soil and the mechanics of shallow landslides. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting front accompanied by a decrease in matric suction induced by infiltration. This research establishes a method for determining a stability analysis of unsaturated infinite soil slopes, integrating the influence of infiltration and the water retention curve hysteresis. Furthermore, the present stability analysis method including the infiltration model and the advanced Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion calculates the variations of the safety factor (FS) in accordance with different slope angle, depth and hydrological processes. The experimentally measured data on the effect of hysteresis are also carried out for comparison. Numerical analyses, employing both wetting and drying hydraulic behaviour of unsaturated soil, are performed to study the difference in soil‐water content as observed in the experiments. The simulating approximations also fully responded to the experimental data of sand box. The results suggest that the hysteresis behaviour affect the distribution of soil‐water content within the slope indeed. The hysteresis made the FS values a remarkable recovery during the period of non‐rainfall in a rainfall event. The appropriate hydraulic properties of soil (i.e. wetting or drying) should be used in accordance with the processes that unsaturated soil actually experience. This method will enable us to acquire more accurate matric suction head and the unsaturated soil‐shear strength as it changes with the hysteretic flow, in order to calculate into the stability analysis of shallow landslides. An advanced understanding of the process mechanism afforded by this method is critical to realizing a reliable and appropriate design for slope stabilization. It also offers some immediate reference information to the disaster reduction department of the government. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏高原500hpa暖性高压生成的热成风适应机制

本文利用热成风适应原理,采取分解分析法对青藏高原500hpa暖性高压的生成机制作了一些定性和定量的讨论。结果表明:在扰动的水平尺度大于热成风适应的特征尺度的条件下,当源地有明显的负值非热成风涡度出现时,流场将向温度场适应,而温度场由于高原的加热作用存在暖中心或暖脊,则适应的结果在高原大气500hpa形成暖性高压,并伴随高层辐合,低层辐散及下沉运动。     

Impact of the Kuroshio Current on the South China Sea based on a 115 000 year diatom record

We used the tropical oceanic planktonic diatom species Nitzschia marina, Rhizosolenia bergonii and Azpeitia africana/Azpeitia neocrenulata, most commonly found in the surface sediments of the northeasternmost South China Sea (SCS) where the Kuroshio Current enters the SCS through the Bashi Strait north of Luzon, to analyse the influence of the the Kuroshio Current on the SCS. The impact of the Kuroshio Current seems to be relatively strong during major warm periods and, to a lesser degree, in minor warm periods during the last 115 000 years. The strongest influence took place during the main part of the Holocene and during the very late phase of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. It is possible to distinguish two magnitudes of change in the impact of the Kuroshio Current on the SCS: large changes occurred at shifts between glacial and interglacial conditions, while smaller changes seem to have recurred in both glacial and interglacial episodes as well as during the Holocene. Climatic/oceanographic changes and sea‐level variations were possibly the two most important mechanisms for the varying influences of the Kuroshio Current on the SCS. The interaction between the Kuroshio Current and monsoon‐related processes may also have played a role. However, because of restricted knowledge of the present‐day Kuroshio Current and the absence of a modern analogue to the ancient SCS due to the marked changes in palaeogeography, this relationship is difficult to establish. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.