重大水利工程对长江中下游干流河槽和岸线地质环境影响研究

本文主要采取历史水下地形和水位数据分析、干流河槽现场测量、室内测试和综合评价等方法对重大水利工程影响长江中下游干流河槽和岸线进行了分析和研究,取得如下新进展:(1)创新构建了一套多模态传感器系统,实现陆上和水下一体化水动力、沉积和地貌特征测量与数据采集.(2)调查研究发现,长江干流河槽冲刷强烈,岸线窝崩、条崩发育.(3...     

三峡库区小流域生态农业发展模式探讨--以杨家沟、戴家沟为例

以位于三峡库区的杨家沟、戴家沟小流域为案例,在实地调查研究的基础上,深入分析了三峡库区小流域由于自然和人为因素所导致的生态环境功能降低、生态农业发展滞后等实际问题,在技术和模式层面探讨了山地小区域的生态农业发展。以水土保持为导向发展生态农业应立足资源和环境本底,在农民可以接受的农业技术层次和经济发展水平上做文章,最终走生态产业化和产业生态化的可持续发展之路。这对于在山地小区域维持生态系统的功能,协调人地关系,发展生态农业以及提高居民的生活水平,有重要的理论和实践价值。     

带周期项的海平面变化灰色分析模型及广西海平面变化分析

提出了一种带周期项的海平面变化灰色分析模型.该模型保持了GM(1,1)模型能较好反应海平面变化趋势的优点,不仅能求出海平面变化速率,还能方便求出海平面变化的加速度,同时,该模型能较好的模拟海平面变化中的周期现象,从而克服了GM(1,1)不能预报周期性显著的月平均海面的缺点,并提高了预报精度.模型用于广西沿岸海平面变化分析,结果表明北海、涸洲、白龙尾3站的相对海平面上升速率分别为1.67、2.51、0.89mm/a;石头埠相对海平面呈下降趋势,下降速率为0.5～1.0mm/a;广西沿岸绝对海平面上升速率为2.0mm/a.和线性趋势项与周期项叠加的海平面分析模型相比,两者模拟精度相当.     

A grey model with periodic term for sea-level analysis and its application to the Guangxi coast

A~as~Sof~~LIngeneral,sealevelisresolvedintOatrendtermplusaPeriedictermintheanalysisofsealevelvdriations(haetal.1996;ZuoandChen,1996;QinandLi,1997;Zhengetal.,1993;RenandZhang,1993),namely,thetimeequencesofmonthlyorannualmeansealevely(o)(t)canbeexpr~asy(o)(t)=T(o)(t) p(o)(t) X(o)(t) .(o)(t),(l)whereT(o)(t)isadefinitetrendterm;p(o)(t)isadefiniteperiedicterm;X(o)(t)isatimeseriesofrandomterm;a(o)(t)iswhitenoise.Thefunctionstructuresofthetrendtermaregenerallyunknown,whiledeterminingthetrendter…     

长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程进展与主要成果

为保护长江生态环境,近年来,中国地质调查局组织实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”。通过采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要成果和认识: ①初步构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务平台,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出相关建议; ②创新地将“光纤技术”应用于地面沉降和地裂缝监测,相关成果引领了光纤监测技术发展; ③编制了1:5万比例尺的环境地质调查技术标准和要求; ④创新形成了3个层次环境地质调查合作机制,探索建立了3种尺度资源环境承载能力评价方法体系和大流域环境地质工作模式; ⑤建立了江汉平原地球关键带监测网络,编制了平原区地球关键带调查技术方法指南; ⑥提出了长江流域重大水利工程与生态地质环境多元响应研究思路,创新构建了一套多模态传感器调查系统,提出了重大水利工程对地质环境影响新判断; ⑦建立了长江中下游不同沉积单元区第四纪地层多重划分对比序列,构建了重点地区第四系三维地质结构模型,提出了长江贯通时限和演化新认识; ⑧编制了流域、经济区和城市系列地质调查报告和图集,成果转化与服务成效显著。该工程进展及成果提升了长江经济带地质调查工作水平,可为区域国土空间规划、绿色生态廊道打造、立体交通走廊建设、产业转型升级、新型城镇化建设以及脱贫攻坚工作等提供科技支撑。     

The seasonal variability of an air-sea heat flux in the northern South China Sea

The seasonal variabilities of a latent-heat flux (LHF), a sensible-heat flux (SHF) and net surface heat flux are examined in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), including their spatial characteristics, using the in situ data collected by ship from 2006 to 2007. The spatial distribution of LHF in the NSCS is mostly controlled by wind in summer and autumn owing to the lower vertical gradient of air humidity, but is influenced by both wind and near-surface air humidity vertical gradient in spring and winter. The largest area-averaged LHF is in autumn, with the value of 197.25 W/m 2 , followed by that in winter; the third and the forth are in summer and spring, respectively. The net heat flux is positive in spring and summer, so the NSCS absorbs heat; and the solar shortwave radiation plays the most important role in the surface heat budget. In autumn and winter, the net heat flux is negative in most of the observation region, so the NSCS loses heat; and the LHF plays the most important role in the surface heat budget. The net heating is mainly a result of the offsetting between heating due to the shortwave radiation and cooling due to the LHF and the upward (outgoing) long wave radiation, since the role of SHF is negligible. The ratio of the magnitudes of the three terms (shortwave radiation to LHF to long-wave radiation) averaged over the entire year is roughly 3:2:1, and the role of SHF is the smallest.     

Water Quality Characteristics and Variations of Lake Dian

In order to understand the seasonal change tendencies of the water quality of the Lake Dian (Dianchi), the monitoring data from April to September 2015 at four sites distributed in the central part from North to south were analyzed, these data includes the profiles of the water temperature (Temperature or Temp.), Dissolved Oxygen content (DO), pH values, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phycocyanin (PC) and Conductivity (CD). At the same time, the Cyanophyte Relative Quantity Index (CRQI) was calculated based on the contents of Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll-a. The results demonstrate that along with the air temperature increase, the water temperature also increased step by step from April and May, and reach the maximum in June, from July to September, the water temperature kept relatively stable and decrease steadily. It also shows that the water temperature is not only various with different water depth, but also show that the temperature increase at different speed, even generally show that the surface temperature increase more rapidly than the deep water. The water temperature and its changes may adjust the air temperature of Kunming strongly and therefore, it is important for the forming of the Four Springs City of Kunming. We found that the amount of eukaryotes represented by Chlorophyll-a increased quickly and reach the highest level in the April, but the blue-green algae, which represented by the Phycocyanin is blooming in the September. This might imply that when the blue-green algae dominated the algae, the algae blooming occur. This is of great importance to understand the algae blooming processes in Lake Dian. We hope the further monitoring will provide us more detailed and useful information. Mean while, the changes of DO, pH and CD all have shown their unique that inspire us to continue the lake water monitoring. This monitoring work also proves that the single site measurements cannot provide any reliable and useful information about the lake water quality. More detailed and sustained monitoring works need to be done before we have a fully understanding on the changes of the lake water quality.     

64排螺旋CT在腹腔镜胆囊切除术前评估中的应用

目的:用64排螺旋CT对拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的病人进行术前评估,描述胆管、胆囊动脉解剖变异以及影像所见与外科手术计划的关系。材料与方法:选择2009年2月至5月拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者22名(男12例,女10例,26～56岁,平均年龄45岁),进行术前64-MSCT检查,将检查结果经过后处理后与术中结果进行对比。结果:22例患者均获得满意的MSCT图像。其中20例患者获得满意的胆囊动脉显影图像,另外2例中1例胆囊动脉未显示,1例胆囊动脉细小,在后处理中无法显示,其上肝门区有一海绵状血管瘤,与胆囊动脉联系较紧密;20例显影的胆囊动脉均为主干型,其中19例胆囊动脉走行于胆囊三角内,1例走行于胆囊管后方;22例患者中有19例胆囊管直接汇入肝总管右侧,1例胆囊管开口于肝总管左侧,于肝总管后方穿过进入Calot三角,1例胆囊管迂曲,1例胆囊管与肝总管平行走行,至十二指肠后段或胰腺后段始与肝总管汇合。22例患者中17例患者影像诊断为胆囊结石,5例患者影像诊断为胆囊炎,以上结论腹腔镜术中均证实。1例患者影像诊断为十二指肠占位压迫胆总管下段,直接转为开腹手术,术中证实。1例患者影像诊断为肝门区海绵状血管瘤,转为开腹,术中证实。结论:术前64排螺旋CT可以描绘胆囊动脉及胆道系统解剖,发现解剖变异,评估腹腔镜胆囊切除术可行性以及难易度。     

基于水动力条件的矿山泥石流成因与特征——以石棉县后沟为例

四川省石棉县后沟是一条典型的高频矿山泥石流沟,坡面矿渣面蚀、沟道矿渣揭底和沟口尾矿侧蚀溃决是泥石流发生的三种主要成因.水动力条件通过对矿渣提供方式的影响而导致矿山泥石流在成因、规模等方面的差异.计算表明,单纯洪水难以对后沟尾矿库稳定性构成威胁,＜10 a一遇泥石流主要由坡面矿渣面蚀和沟道矿渣揭底引发,流量＜79 m3/s,沟口尾矿库基本不参与泥石流活动,泥石流规模以小型为主;10 a一遇和更大规模泥石流开始侧蚀尾矿坝,尾矿失稳垮塌补给泥石流,泥石流规模以中型甚至大型为主;后沟矿山泥石流特征主要表现为物源补给的集中性与固定性,形成过程的易发性与频发性,运动过程的单调性与重复性,成灾过程的相互性与链式性以及防治过程的可控性与多元性五个方面.     

2014年5月中旬江西地区暴雨天气过程水汽输送特征分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°的fnl资料、地面观测资料和GDAS资料,分析了2014年5月16—17日江西地区暴雨天气过程的水汽输送特征,同时使用Hysplit后向轨迹模式对水汽来源进行了模拟。结果表明:此次暴雨过程的水汽主要来自大西洋、西太平洋和印度洋,其中来自大西洋的水汽经赤道东风带输送至西太平洋,与来自西太平洋的水汽汇合后一部分直接输送至江南,另一部分继续向东北方向输送至日本海域附近转向,经我国华北向南输送至江南一带;来自印度洋的水汽,经孟加拉湾和南海输送至中国江南暴雨区。来自西南、东南和东北方向的气流在我国南方上空辐合,辐合中心值高达300×106 kg/s,且辐合趋于纬向型。利用Hysplit模式对此次暴雨区不同高度的水汽来源及输送路径进行后向轨迹模拟,结果与利用流函数和势函数分析出的水汽输送源地和路径基本一致。