中国泥石流起动物理模拟试验研究进展

为进一步提高泥石流起动物理模拟试验的科学性,完善试验体系,采用资料收集与分析方法,总结了近年来中国泥石流起动物理模拟试验开展的现状,从水流冲刷与泥石流起动试验以及人工降雨与泥石流起动试验两个方面论述了中国泥石流起动试验取得的主要进展和理论成果。在国内外泥石流起动物理模拟试验对照基础上,提出中国泥石流起动物理模拟试验研究的建议:提高水流浓度、降雨雨型与土体特征的相似率;加强降雨或水流作用下土体物理力学特征变化与泥石流起动响应研究;推动降雨与汇流共同作用下泥石流起动综合性物理模拟试验的开展。     

镜质体反射率热演化规律研究

镜质体反射率的演化并不是人们传统意义上认为的随着温度（深度）的增加成指数增加,而是分阶段演化的。通过对有机质热模拟实验数据和自然演化数据进行分析后发现镜质体反射率的演化可以分为明显的3段：1）缓慢变化阶段,随着温度的增加镜质体反射率缓慢地变化,2）中等快速阶段,随着温度的增加镜质体反射率相比较前一阶段增加速率有明显的加大,3）快速增加阶段,随着温度的增加镜质体反射率呈指数快速增加。这种分阶段的演化是由镜质体本身的化学组成和化学结构所决定的。镜质体反射率演化阶段的划分对于热历史的恢复以及认识镜质体的热演化机制和规律具有重要的意义。     

Iodothyronine deiodinase gene analysis of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals possible conservation of thyroid hormone feedback regulation mechanism in mollusks

Iodothyronine deiodinase catalyzes the initiation and termination of thyroid hormones(THs) effects, and plays a central role in the regulation of thyroid hormone level in vertebrates. In non-chordate invertebrates, only one deiodinase has been identified in the scallop C hlamys farreri. Here, two deiodinases were cloned in the Pacific oyster C rassostrea gigas( Cg Dx and C g Dy). The characteristic in-frame TGA codons and selenocysteine insertion sequence elements in the oyster deiodinase c DNAs supported the activity of them. Furthermore, seven orthologs of deiodinases were found by a tblastn search in the mollusk Lottia gigantea and the annelid C apitella teleta. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the deiodinase gene originated from an common ancestor and a clade-specific gene duplication occurred independently during the differentiation of the mollusk, annelid, and vertebrate lineages. The distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns implied functional divergence of the two deiodinases. The expression of C g Dx and Cg Dy was influenced by L-thyroxine T4, and putative thyroid hormone responsive elements were found in their promoters, which suggested that the oyster deiodinases were feedback regulated by TH. Epinephrine stimulated the expression level of C g Dx and Cg Dy, suggesting an interaction effect between different hormones. This study provides the first evidence for the existence of a conserved TH feedback regulation mechanism in mollusks, providing insights into TH evolution.     

群发性泥石流的危害效应及防范探讨

由于目前对群发性泥石流形成机理及成灾模式的研究甚少,加之在防范经验上的欠缺,难以找到有效的办法来降低这类泥石流造成的危害.为此,针对2010年群发性泥石流灾害频发事件,以近年来四川省典型群发性泥石流灾害为例,探讨这类泥石流灾害的空间分布特征及其灾害效应,并对群发性泥石流成灾的"叠加-放大效应"及成灾的"链式效应"进行分析,对认识群发性泥石流的成灾规律有一定理论意义.最后,就群发性泥石流灾害的防范及对策进行了探讨,可为防灾减灾提供参考.     

江西省水资源及其开发利用对策

江西省是我国水资源丰富的省份之一,水资源的形成及分布与自然地理及区域地质背景密切相关。在对全省水资源量进行计算的同时,分析了水资源的时空分布规律,并对水资源环境质量进行了评价。根据江西省水资源面临的态势,结合江西省省情和水资源利用现状,就水资源合理开发利用提出了相应的对策。     

Three-D numerical simulation of wind-driven current and density current in the Beibu Gulf

The Beibu Gulf circulation plays an imPOrtant role in the long--term water rnass transportinside the gulf. It is also closely related to the Guangxi untal water mass transport and self-purification. Hence, it is of practical imPOrtance to study the circulation in the gUlf. The cir-culation in the gUlf is very comlicated, and is rnainly gOverned by wind, water density gradi-ent, the current outside the gulf and the bathpoetry. In spring, a cold water rnass generatesln the center of the gulf…     

等离子体质谱法测定天然水中痕量元素

本文利用ICP-MS分析技术检出限低,可同时测定多元素,以及溶液进样等特点,建立了天然水中多种痕量元素分析的有效方法,研究了整个测定质量范围内的背景、干扰及其克服方法,讨论了水中Na、Mg、Ca等元素产生的基体效应对被测元素的影响。对含盐量较低的天然水样,可直接测定的痕量元素达50余种,测定限为0.x—xμg/L。高盐水样如海水、卤水等的测定,本文选择共沉淀法,以Fe(OH)_3为捕集剂,使被测元素与大量的碱金属、碱土金属基体分离。分离后可测40种痕量元素,测定限为0.0x—0.xμg/L。     

我国贝类产业技术的现状与发展趋势

中国海水养殖规模和产量稳居世界首位,海水贝类在海水养殖中占有重要地位。我国贝类产业在技术研发、应用推广等方面取得了显著成绩。本文介绍了贝类产业链中种质创新、生态养殖、高值化加工等产业技术取得的成果,分析了面临的挑战、亟需解决的产业问题及发展趋势,以期为我国贝类产业技术的发展提供参考,推动产业转型升级和提质增效,实现贝类产业的健康可持续发展。     

Satellite Gravity Anomalies and Their Correlation with the Major Tectonic Features in the South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is a region of interaction among three major plates: the Pacific, Indo-Australian and Eurasian. The collision of the Indian subcontinent with the Eurasian plate in the northwest, back-arc spreading at the center, and subduction beneath the Philippine plate along Manila trench in the east and the collision along Palawan trough in the south have produced complex tectonic features within and along the SCS. This investigation examines the satellite-derived gravity anomalies of the SCS and compares them with major tectonic features of the area. A map of Bouguer gravity anomaly is derived in conjunction with available seafloor topography to investigate the crustal structure. The residual isostatic gravity anomaly is calculated assuming that the Cenozoic sedimentary load is isostatically compensated. The features in the gravity anomalies in general correlate remarkably well with the major geological features, including offsets in the seafloor spreading segments, major faults, basins, seamounts and other manifestations of magmatism and volcanism on the seafloor. They also correlate with the presumed location of continental-oceanic crust boundary. The region underlain by oceanic crust in the central part of the SCS is characterized by a large positive Bouguer gravity anomaly (220–330 mgal) as well as large free-air and residual isostatic anomalies. There are, however, important differences among spreading segments. For example, in terms of free-air gravity anomaly, the southwest section of mid-ocean has an approximately 50 km wide belt of gravity low superimposed on a broad high of 45 mgal running NW–SE, whereas there are no similar features in other spreading segments. There are indications that gravity anomalies may represent lateral variation in upper crustal density structure. For instance, free air and isostatic anomalies show large positive anomalies in the east of the Namconson basin, which coincide with areas of dense volcanic material known from seismic surveys. The Red River Fault system are clearly identified in the satellite gravity anomalies, including three major faults, Songchay Fault in the southwest, Songlo Fault in the Northeast and Central Fault in the center of the basin. They are elongated in NW–SE direction between 20±30'N and 17°N and reach to Vietnam Scarp Fault around 16°30'N. It is also defined that the crustal density in the south side of the Central Basin is denser than that in the north side of the Central Basin.     

对我国矿床学未来发展方向的思考

进入21世纪,特别是最近10年以来,社会发展和科技进步对矿床学研究提出了严峻的挑战和新的要求,具体表现在3个方面:学科发展前沿的挑战、国家战略布局需求和社会重大需求。其中学科发展前沿的挑战主要包括成矿模式创新研究不足、学科交叉融合程度不够、应用基础研究相对薄弱;国家战略布局需求则主要体现在“一带一路”、海洋强国和关键金属等方面;社会发展重大需求主要包括深部勘查、智能高效勘查和绿色生态勘查等方面。为了更好地应对挑战、满足需求,在未来30年为建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴做出重要贡献,矿床学研究在未来发展中应注重以下几个方面:(1)成矿模式多维度综合研究;(2)勘查标识体系应用基础研究;(3)关键金属超常富集机制研究;(4)“一带一路”与海洋矿产研究;(5)深地勘查理论与方法集成研究;(6)智能高效绿色勘查体系研究。