图像空间变化序列及其总体状态分析

本文从图像分解与结合的角度,探讨了图像空变化序列问题。     

月基差分VLBI定位及参数精度探讨

本文首次采用差分VLBI技术对月球探测器进行观测,分析了差分VLBI观测模型中的EOP参数精度对探测器坐标先验误差的灵敏度,模拟了差分VLBI观测量;平差计算了坐标参数和EOP参数的验后精度,并给出了计算结果。较理想的定位结果为我国的探月工程奠定了一定的理论基础。     

On the evaluation of deflections of the vertical using FFT technique

There exist three types of convolution formulae for the efficient evaluation of gravity field convolution integrals, i.e., the planar 2D convolution, the spherical 2D convolution and the spherical 1D convolution. The largest drawback of both the planar and the spherical 2D FFT methods is that, due to the approximations in the kernel function, only inexact results can be achieved. Apparently, the reason is the meridian convergence at higher latitudes. As the meridians converge, the ??,?λ blocks do not form a rectangular grid, as is assumed in 2D FFT methods. It should be pointed out that the meridian convergence not only leads to an approximation error in the kernel function, but also causes an approximation error during the implementation of 2D FFT in computer. In order to meet the increasing need for precise determination of the vertica deflections, this paper derives a more precise planar 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections. After having made a detailed comparison between the planar and the spherical 2D FFT formulae, we find out the main source of errors causing the loss in accuracy by applying the conventional spherical 2D FFT method. And then, a modified spherical 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections is developed in this paper. A series of numerical tests have been carried out to illustrate the improvement made upon the old spherical 2D FFT. The second part of this paper is to discuss the influences of the spherical harmonic reference field, the limited capsize, and the singular integral on the computation of the vertical deflections. The results of the vertical deflections over China by applying the spherical 1D FFT formula with different integration radii have been compared to the astro-observed vertical deflections in the South China Sea to obtain a set of optimum deflection computation parameters.     

The Ecological Restoration of Heavily Degraded Saline Wetland in the Yellow River Delta

As a result of discontinuous water flow, agriculture, and increasing urban use of fresh water affecting the natural wetlands of the Yellow River Delta, these areas have experienced significant degradation in the past two decades, ultimately diminishing the overall natural wetland land area in the region. This study aimed to address the issue of decreasing fresh water in the Yellow River Delta by studying the effects of three different approaches to restoration on long‐term wetland recovery. The results of the study demonstrated that soil salt and available Na contents significantly decreased in response to all three restoration treatments. Impacts of the restoration treatments were more significant in 2009 than in 2010, as shown by the high rate of activity in the reed debris group. The highest phosphatase activity of the experimental period was also observed in the reed debris group. Meanwhile, a marked variation in soil nutrient elements (total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus, and available potassium) was observed in the restoration treatment plots throughout the experimental period. TC and TN contents were generally higher in the restoration treatment groups than in the control group. Moreover, urease and phosphatase activity levels were highly correlated with one another, as well as with soil nutrient elements. In 2009, the yield of the Suaeda salsa plant was highest in the reed debris treatment group and lowest in the ploughing treatment group. The S. salsa plant did show a positive response to all of the different restoration treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that restoration approaches that implement ploughing techniques aided in the restoration of degraded saline wetlands.     

北京市生态用地空间演变与布局优化研究

以北京市为例,在全面探讨生态用地内涵的基础上,综合运用GIS技术和景观格局理论,分析生态用地空间的演变规律,通过对生态用地的生态服务功能、景观空间结构和生态敏感性的全面分析,构建生态用地空间重要性的评价模型,并以重要生态用地空间为刚性框架,分别按照保留城市面积40％,50％,60％作为重点生态用地的情景,提出北京市城市生态用地空间的布局模式.结果表明:基于保护重点生态用地的城镇发展格局,既能够不以牺牲土地利用的经济价值为代价,又能够保障城市基本生态系统服务及其安全格局,是实现“效率”与“安全”双赢的良性空间布局.     

Crustal thickening prior to 38 Ma in southern Tibet: Evidence from lower crust-derived adakitic magmatism in the Gangdese Batholith

The petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the Cenozoic adakites in southern Tibet remain topics of debate. Here we report geochronological and geochemical data for host granites and mafic enclaves from Wolong in the eastern Gangdese Batholith, southern Tibet. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicates that the Wolong host granites and enclaves were synchronously emplaced at ca. 38 Ma. The host granites are medium- to high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous (A/CNK = 0.93-0.96), with high Al₂O₃ (15.47-17.68%), low MgO (0.67-1.18%), very low abundances of compatible elements (e.g., Cr = 3.87-8.36 ppm, Ni = 3.04-5.71 ppm), and high Sr/Y ratios (127-217), similar to those typical of adakite. The mafic enclaves (SiO₂ = 51.08-56.29%) have 3.83-5.02% MgO and an Mg^# of 48-50, with negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.59-0.79). The Wolong host granites and enclaves have similar Sr-Nd isotopic compositions (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7053-0.7055, ε_Nd(t) = − 2.7 to − 1.4), with varying zircon ε_Hf(t) values, ranging from + 6.0 to + 12.6. A comprehensive study of the data available for adakitic rocks from the Gangdese Batholith indicates that the Wolong adakitic host granites were derived from partial melting of a thickened lower crust, while the parental magmas of the mafic enclaves were most likely derived from lithospheric mantle beneath southern Tibet. The Wolong granitoids are interpreted as the result of mixing between the thickened lower crust-derived melts and lithospheric mantle-derived mafic melts, which are likely the protracted magmatic response to the break-off of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab at about 50 Ma. Our results suggest that the crustal thickening in southern Tibet occurred prior to ~ 38 Ma, and support the general view that the India-Asia collision must have occurred before 40 Ma.     

突水系数的产生及修正过程

从煤层底板突水预测预报问题出发,就突水系数评价水害方面,从1964年煤炭部焦作水文地质会战开始,到2009年的《煤矿防治水规定》,分析了各个阶段突水系数公式及其修正过程。结合实例,对弃用修正突水系数的意义进行了全面阐述。研究认为：在所有的预测预报方法中,煤层底板突水系数在煤层底板突水评价中最为简单实用;突水系数的意义在于简明扼要,符合实际,应大胆使用;突水系数演化到今天并不影响我国煤矿水害的研究和进展,反而对我国煤矿水害评价起到了正确的指导作用。     

鄂尔多斯块体周缘地震类型研究

分析1970-2010年鄂尔多斯周缘发生的114次显著地震序列,结果表明,主余型序列占57％,孤立型序列占32％,多震型序列占11％.根据地震类型的空间分布特点,对鄂尔多斯周缘地震进行分区,各分区主余型地震占多数,多震型地震主要集中在鄂尔多斯北缘和东缘中北段,孤立型地震在鄂尔多斯西缘南段、南缘和东缘南段比例较高.     

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