Surface roughness length dynamic over several different surfaces and its effects on modeling fluxes

Roughness length and zero-plane displacement over three typical surfaces were calculated iteratively by least-square method, which are Yucheng Experimental Station for agriculture surfaces, Qianyanzhou Experimental Station for complex and undulant surfaces, and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station for forest surfaces. On the basis of roughness length dynamic, the effects of roughness length dynamic on fluxes were analyzed with SEBS model. The results indicate that, aerodynamic roughness length changes with vegetation conditions (such as vegetation height, LAI), wind speed, friction velocity and some other factors. In Yucheng and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station, aerodynamic roughness length over the fetch of flux tower changes with vegetation height and LAI obviously, that is, with the increase of LAI, roughness length increases to the peak value firstly, and then decreases. In Qianyanzhou Experimental Station, LAI changes slightly, so the relationship between roughness length and LAI is not obvious. The aerodynamic roughness length of Yucheng and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station changes slightly with wind direction, while aerodynamic roughness length of Qianyanzhou Experimental Station changes obviously with wind direction. The reason for that is the terrain in Yucheng and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station is relatively flat, while in Qianyanzhou Experimental Station the terrain is very undulant and heterogeneous. With the increase of wind speed, aerodynamic roughness length of Yucheng Experimental Station changes slightly, while it decreases obviously in Qianyanzhou Experimental Station and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station. Roughness length dynamic takes great effects on fluxes calculation, and the effects are analyzed by SEBS model. By comparing 1 day averaged roughness length in Yucheng Experimental Station and 5 day averaged roughness length of Qianyanzhou and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station with roughness length parameter chosen by the model, the effects of roughness length dynamic on flux calculation is analyzed. The maximum effect of roughness length dynamic on sensible heat flux is 2.726%, 33.802% and 18.105%, in Yucheng, Qianyanzhou, and Changbai Mountains experimental stations, respectively.

     

A GIS-based Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Command System for Seaside Cities

In this paper the geographical information system （GIS） is applied to earthquake and tsunami emergency work and an earthquake and tsunami emergency command system （ETECS） for seaside cities is developed which is composed of a basic database and six subsystems. By employing this system, the responsible municipal departments can make rapid prediction before the occurrence of earthquake or tsunami, make commanding decisions concerning the disaster-fight during the disastrous event, and make rapid estimates of the casualties and economic losses. So that the government could conduct relief work in time and planning for future disaster reduction and prevention.     

DCAD： a Dual Clustering Algorithm for Distributed Spatial Databases

Spatial objects have two types of attributes: geometrical attributes and non-geometrical attributes, which belong to two different attribute domains (geometrical and non-geometrical domains). Although geometrically scattered in a geometrical domain, spatial objects may be similar to each other in a non-geometrical domain. Most existing clustering algorithms group spatial datasets into different compact regions in a geometrical domain without considering the aspect of a non-geometrical domain. However, many application scenarios require clustering results in which a cluster has not only high proximity in a geometrical domain, but also high similarity in a non-geometrical domain. This means constraints are imposed on the clustering goal from both geometrical and non-geometrical domains simultaneously. Such a clustering problem is called dual clustering. As distributed clustering applications become more and more popular, it is necessary to tackle the dual clustering problem in distributed databases. The DCAD algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. DCAD consists of two levels of clus- tering: local clustering and global clustering. First, clustering is conducted at each local site with a local clustering algorithm, and the features of local clusters are extracted. Second, local features from each site are sent to a central site where global clustering is obtained based on those features. Experiments on both artificial and real spatial datasets show that DCAD is effective and efficient.     

气候类型的空间数据编码方案及应用——以柯本气候分类为例

介绍了空间数据的组织、表达和编码等基本原理,并提出在柯本气候分类中运用空间数据编码的方案:以传统的气候分类指标作为编码依据,采用2字节的无符号整型数记录气候编码,共5位数,首位为主码,表示气候带;2 4位为子码,分别代表气候类型、所在大洲和地区;末位为描述码,用于描述气候特征。     

A Simple Shear Model for the Asymmetry in the Paleoproterozoic Fold Belt in Liaodong Peninsula

Several aspects of the Liaodong Paleoproterozioc fold belt, including its components, tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic characteristics are discussed in the paper, with emphasis on the asymmetry of the fold belt and differences between the northern lineal - fold belt and the southern dome - fold belt. It is suggested that the fold belt is one magrnatic passive margin, instead of a rift zone or the classical passive continental margin. The formation and evolution of the fold belt is discussed with a simple shear model, which may best explain the co - existence of contemporaneous tectonic facies with different characteristics, the volcanic and plutonic activities, sedimentary formations and their geological attributes etc.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中锗碘

样品用NaOH全熔,热水提取,分取部分溶液通过强酸性阳离子交换树脂,分离溶液中大量的钠离子后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定锗和碘。方法的检出限Ge、I分别为0.043μg/g和0.22μg/g,经土壤国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符,12次测定的RSD均小于10%。     

南海夏季风爆发与大气对流低频振荡的年际变化

根据1980～1991年云顶黑体温度（TBB）相位和强度的变化确定了南海夏季风爆发的时间,分析研究了夏季风爆发期间TBB场和850hPa风场的变化过程及其与海温的关系。结果表明:南海夏季风爆发平均时间是5月第4候,它爆发的时间和强度有显著的年际变化,并与大气的低频振荡及前期海洋的热力状况有密切关系。南海夏季风爆发早年（4月第6候）,副热带高压较弱,撤离南海较快,从赤道东印度洋到赤道西太平洋,大气对流活动较强,夏季风爆发南海早于孟加拉湾,季风爆发时90～100°E区域过赤道气流显著加强。夏季风爆发晚年（6月第1候）情况相反。南海夏季风爆发早晚与大气30～60天振荡到达南海的位相有关,前冬和早春南海海温的高低和4月中旬至5月中南半岛强对流区的出现时间,是南海夏季风爆发年际变化的前期征兆。根据前冬南海海温预测1998年南海夏季风爆发的时间和强度与实际相符。     

斜压模,正压模和异常海温时间变化的位相关系

利用１９５８－１９９７共４０年ＮＥＣＰ／ＮＣＡＲ再分析大气资料和ＧＩＳＳＴ海表温度资料集,研究了大气斜压模、正压模与海表温度变化这三者之间位相关系,并从大气动力学方程组解释了这些位相关系。指出：大气了斜压西风异常时间变化的位相落略微后于ＳＳＴＡ的变化位相,而正压西风异常的变化位相超前于ＳＳ－ＴＡ变化位相。斜压纬向风异常的变化又超前于正压异常纬向风的变化。斜压纬向风异常与海表温度异常之间存在正相关关     

激光探针电感藕合等离子体质谱在位测定微量元素方法研究

利用２６６ｎｍ紫外激光熔融电感藕合等离子体制谱仪,在最优化测试条件下,对标准玻璃样品ＮＩＳＴ６１２中３０个微量元素进行了５天２５组７８次的测定。在采用最小二乘法拟合后,选用＾４４Ｃａ和＾２９Ｓｉ为内标,分别测定微量元素浓度为４５０μｇ／ｇ左右的ＮＩＳＴ６１０,４０μｇ／ｇ左右的ＮＩＳＴ６１２以及微量元素浓度小于１μｇ／ｇ的ＮＩＳＴ６１４标准玻璃样品,与标样的标定值比较,数据的准确度绝大部分小于１０     

首都圈及其邻近地区电磁辐射映震效果研究

首都圈及共附近地区多年观测的电磁辐射资料表明,地震电磁辐射异常与３００ｋｍ范围内５级以上地震,２００ｋｍ范围内４．５～４．９极地震和１００ｋｍ范围内４．０～４．４级地震具有比较明显的对应关系,其变化规律和映震特点是震中距愈小,地震愈大,信息持续时间愈长,异常幅度也愈大;异常面积（即异常台站数）与地震大小成正相关。统计表明,中等以上地震与异常信息对应率约７６％。