A new parabolic variational inequality formulation of Signorini's condition for non‐steady seepage problems with complex seepage control systems

By extending Darcy's law to the dry domain above the free surface and specifying the boundary condition on the potential seepage surfaces as Signorini's type, a partial differential equation (PDE) defined in the entire domain of interest is formulated for non‐steady seepage flow problems with free surfaces. A new parabolic variational inequality (PVI) formulation equivalent to the PDE formulation is then proposed, in which the flux part of the complementary condition of Signorini's type in the PDE formulation is transformed into natural boundary condition. Consequently, the singularity at the seepage points is eliminated and the difficulty in selecting the trial functions is significantly reduced. By introducing an adaptive penalized Heaviside function in the finite element analysis, the numerical stability of the discrete PVI formulation is well guaranteed. The proposed approach is validated by the existing laboratory tests with sudden rise and dropdown of water heads, and then applied to capture the non‐steady seepage flow behaviors in a homogeneous rectangular dam with five drainage tunnels during a linear dropdown of upstream water head. The non‐steady seepage flow in the surrounding rocks of the underground powerhouse in the Shuibuya Hydropower Project is further modeled, in which a complex seepage control system is involved. Comparisons with the in situ monitoring data show that the calculation results well illustrate the non‐steady seepage flow process during impounding and the operation of the reservoir as well as the seepage control effects of the drainage hole arrays and drainage tunnels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

36Cl, 26Al,and O isotopes in an Allende type B2 CAI: Implications for multiple secondary alteration events in the early solar system

Abstract— We measured ³⁶Cl‐³⁶S and ²⁶Al‐²⁶Mg systematics and O isotopes of secondary phases in a moderately altered type B2 CAI (CAI#2) from the Allende CV3 chondrite. CAI#2 has two distinct alteration domains: the anorthite‐grossular (An‐Grs) domain that mostly consists of anorthite and grossular, and the Na‐rich domain that mostly consists of sodalite, anorthite, and Fe‐bearing phases. Large ³⁶S excesses (up to ～400‰) corresponding to an initial ³⁶Cl/³⁵Cl ratio of (1.4 ± 0.3) × 10^?6 were observed in sodalite of the Na‐rich domain, but no resolvable 26Mg excesses were observed in anorthite and sodalite of the Na‐rich domain (the initial ²⁶Al/²⁷Al ratio < 4.4 × 10^?7). If we assume that the ³⁶Cl‐³⁶S and the ²⁶Al‐²⁶Mg systematics were closed simultaneously, the ³⁶Cl/³⁵Cl ratio would have to be on the order of ～10^?2 when CAIs were formed. In contrast to sodalite in Na‐rich domain, significant ²⁶Mg excesses (up to ～35‰) corresponding to an initial ²⁶Al/²⁷Al ratio of (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10^?5 were identified in anorthite of the An‐Grs domain. The ²⁶Al‐²⁶Mg systematics of secondary phases in CAI#2 suggest that CAIs experienced multiple alteration events. Some of the alteration processes occurred while ³⁶Cl (half‐life is 0.3 Myr) and ²⁶Al (half‐life is 0.72 Myr) were still alive, whereas others took place much later. Assuming that ²⁶Al was homogeneously distributed in the solar nebula, our study implies that alteration of CAIs occurred as early as within 1.5 Myr of CAI formation and as late as 5.7 Myr after.     

海相化学碳酸盐沉积中的铅同位素测定

铅同位素在沉积学和古海洋地质研究中具有广阔的应用前景 ,然而由于碳酸盐的含铅量甚微 ,给铅的化学分离、富集和同位素质谱分析带来困难 ,制约了这一领域的发展。本实验经过反复、深入探索 ,合理地制定了碳酸盐铅同位素样品制备的实验流程。通过对 2 2件灰岩、白云岩样品的铅同位素组成的系统测定 ,表明该实验流程稳定可靠。     

华北陆块南缘熊耳群形成时代讨论

分布于豫、晋、陕3省的熊耳群火山岩系不整合覆盖于太古界及下元古界结晶基底之上,其上被汝阳群、官道口群等陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩地层不整合覆盖.已有的各种熊耳群年龄资料为1.40～1.85 Ga,故常认为其形成标志着中元古代的开始,并将它与蓟县剖面的长城系对比.豫西熊耳山地区马家河组顶部的流纹斑岩和侵入于鸡蛋坪组的辉石闪长岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb和激光探针等离子体质谱(LP-ICPMS)年龄表明:熊耳群形成于古元古代1.75～1.95 Ga,早于长城系;火山喷发开始于1.95 Ga±,中心可能在豫西的熊耳山或崤山地区,形成豫西崤山、熊耳山、外方山地区的许山组和鸡蛋坪组;大约在1.85 Ga±,火山活动可能以崤山地区为中心呈三叉裂谷系分别向西、东和北3个方向发展,形成覆盖全区的马家河组;末期(1.75 Ga±)可能仅在豫西地区形成次火山-侵入岩——辉石闪长岩类.不整合覆盖于熊耳群之上的汝阳群云梦山组和官道口群高山河组的形成时代相当于长城系.     

河北柳江盆地中晚寒武世藻类丘礁的演化

河北柳江盆地中晚寒武世藻类丘礁十分发育，并形成完好纵向演化序列。藻礁具有两个演化方向，其一是骨骼钙藻Ｅｐｉｐｈｙｔｏｎ向非骨骼蓝绿藻方向演化；其二是块状藻丘向厚层状叠层石礁方向演化。藻类丘礁的演化特征及其沉积相序揭示了该区中晚寒武世时从碳酸盐台地边缘斜坡至台缘浅滩和潮坪环境的演化历史。     

大兴安岭南段锡多金属矿找矿勘查综合模型

维拉斯托矿田是大兴安岭南段一个典型的热液脉型锡多金属矿田。成矿地质特征显示，深部隐伏碱长花岗岩为其成矿地质体，两者之间存在显著的空间依存关系，呈现明显的矿化蚀变分带，成矿中心钨锡- 锂铷矿化，多伴生有云英岩化、硅化，两侧均有铜铅锌银(萤石)矿化，常出现较强的褐铁矿化和萤石化，构成一套较完整的岩浆- 热液锡多金属成矿系统。地球化学特征显示，其分带清晰，W、Sn、Mo、Bi位于异常中心部位，Cu、Zn、Pb、Ag、As、Sb等元素位于异常外侧。自然重砂特征显示，重砂矿物也呈现较为明显的分带，矿田中心以锡石重砂颗粒相对较多，矿物组合为锡石+闪锌矿+黄铁矿，外侧硫化物矿化区锡石变少，重砂矿物组合为黄铜矿+闪锌矿+方铅矿+黄铁矿。地球物理特征表现为，成矿中心的锡钨多金属矿对应物探测量的低重力、中低极化率、中高阻率与低磁特征，局部出现略高激电异常。边部的铅锌银多金属矿所对应物探测量的高重力、高极化率、低电阻率和高磁特征。综合分析维拉斯托矿田地物化等方面信息，建立了锡多金属矿床的找矿勘查综合模型。     

豫北地区地球物理场特征及地质解释

在综合分析各种地球物理资料的基础上，论述了豫北地区地球物理场特征，并结合钻探资料进行了地质解释与构造特征分析．说明了本区的主要地质构造及煤系的分布，为该区的煤炭资源预测提供了依据。     

时间平均流场对风场振动的优势选择作用

本文根据谐谱展开的水平动量方程，在一定的假设下导出了集时间平均场的涡、散性质于一体的诊断关系式——大气振动频率的优势选择判据，并据此讨论了基本?场的水平不均匀对大气振动的影响。通过这个关系式，利用１９８２年ＥＣＭ?ＷＦ资料对优势频率进行了计算，给出了对流层高、中、低各层的全球分布。?从而指出在实际大气中存在着基本场对某频率上的振动有选择放大作用。     

ATMOSPHERIC WAVE AND ITS PHYSICAL ESSENCE AS REVEALED BY CHANGED CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AND CORRELATION FIELD*

Formal change is made of the correlation coefficient(COCOEF) expression,leading to a new formula consisting of Fourier spectral coefficients that indicates a direct connection between the new form and atmospheric dynamic equations,thus resulting in a dynamic equation represented by COCOEF,which is meaningful in exploring a large-scale dynamic process in terms of the correlation field because the connection revealed by the field can have dynamic explanation with the aid of the new formula.