A Modeling Study of the Effects of Anomalous Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian Summer Monsoon

The effect of anomalous snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian summer monsoon is investigated by numerical simulations using the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM2) into which gravity wave drag has been introduced. The simulations adopt relatively realistic snow mass forcings based on Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SNINIR) pentad snow depth data. The physical mechanism and spatial structure of the sensitivity of the South Asian early summer monsoon to snow cover anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau are revealed. The main results are summarized as follows. The heavier than normal snow cover over the Plateau can obviously reduce the shortwave radiation absorbed by surface through the albedo effect, which is compensated by weaker upward sensible heat flux associated with colder surface temperature, whereas the effects of snow melting and evaporation are relatively smaller.The anomalies of surface heat fluxes can last until June and become unobvious in July. The decrease of the Plateau surface temperature caused by heavier snow cover reaches its maximum value from late April to early May. The atmospheric cooling in the mid-upper troposphere over the Plateau and its surrounding areas is most obvious in May and can keep a fairly strong intensity in June. In contrast, there is warming to the south of the Plateau in the mid-lower troposphere from April to June with a maximum value in May.The heavier snow cover over the Plateau can reduce the intensity of the South Asian summer monsoon and rainfall to some extent, but this influence is only obvious in early summer and almost disappears in later stages.     

Morphological study of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Herposiphonia</Emphasis> (Rhodophyta,Rhodomelaceae) on the coast of eastern Guangdong,China, with a description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">H. pinnata</Emphasis> sp. nov.

We present a taxonomic study of taxa of the red algae genus Herposiphonia (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae), collected from the coast of eastern Guangdong, China. We made detailed morphological studies and considered recent taxonomic criteria for species delimitation, and are making the first report of five different species on the coast of Guangdong, including a new species. The species identified were H. caespitosa Tseng, H. hollenbergii Dawson, H. pecten - veneris (Harvey) Falkenberg, H. subdisticha Okamura and H. pinnata Ding and Tan sp. nov. H. pinnata sp. nov. is characterized by bright green thalli; most parts of the feathery thalli are free of the substratum; determinate branches and indeterminate branches are arranged in a chaotic sequence; the primary axis has bare segments; the determinate branch has 9–11 periaxial cells per segment; vegetative trichoblasts are abundant; and tetrasporangia are formed on the middle of the determinate branch with 1–8 successive segments in a single rectilinear series. This paper is also the first record of sporophyte plants of H. pecten-veneris.     

p—σRCM模式对中国区域气候季节变化的模拟

通过对区域气候季节变化的模拟，对p-σ坐标系区域气候模式的模拟能力进行了检验，模式较准确地再现了中国区域气候系统的季节性变化特征及中国东部降水带的季节性进退，模拟的各气候区域水的季节变化趋势也与实况基本相符，但模式低估了华东和华南地区的春季降水，而高估了华东，西南和西北地区的秋季降水。     

Simulations of LGM climate of East Asia by regional climate model

ClimateconditionsintheLastGlacialMaximum(LGM)wereremarkablydifferentfromthepresentones.LGMglobalmeantemperaturewas5℃-10℃dropbutprecipitationdecreasescommonly.LGMhasbecomethekeyphasetoreconstructtheearthenvironmentalfield,retrieveextremecoldclimatecondit…     

水平锚板极限抗拔力研究

简要回顾了水平锚板抗拔极限承载力计算方法的发展历史。考虑对数螺旋线的破坏面并结合特征线理论,提出了一种新的浅埋条形板极限上拔力的计算方法并编制了程序。对无粘性土,通过与前人的试验资料和Meyerhof andAdams计算理论得出的结果进行了比较,表明了本文方法是正确可行的。     

工业管网总图CAD数据到GIS数据转换方法的研究

工业管网分布相对集中,密度大,布局较为复杂,附属物种类多,施工时间跨度大,并历经多次更新,历史档案资料常有冲突、缺失或遗漏等问题。为改进管理,本文分析了一类工业管网总图CAD数据,通过实验分析和研究了几种常用的CAD数据到GIS数据的转换方法,选择通过ArcGIS Engine编程完成CAD数据到GIS数据的转换工作,实现了数据的高效转换,为实现工业管网档案数字化提供了支持。     

Simulations of the effects of soil temperature and humidity disturbances on regional climate of China

Summary ?This simulation study was applied by a regional climate model (RegCM2) and forced by reasonable soil temperature and humidity disturbances, in order to examine the disastrous weather and climate-produced such disturbances that were performed in a series of experiments of different climatic zones, seasons and space/time scales, to recognize the persistence and to understand the mechanisms of their respective climatic responses under the current climatic background of China. The simulation results showed that, in regions of East Asian monsoon climate, the soil humidity disturbance (SHD) has greater impact on posterior climate responses than the temperature disturbance has. The SHD forcing exerts noticeable influence on rainfall generally. Although the centers of changed precipitation generally do not coincide with those of the disturbances, the centers are located mostly in downwind areas of the SHD core and in areas of prevailing updraft, even some places far away; with neighboring dry/moist SHD zones, a bigger rainfall increase tends to show up in the dry region instead of in the wet one. The simulation suggested that the SHD lasts for a rather long time, whose length is controlled by the presence of a positive feedback between the precipitation, the synchronous circulation patterns, the latitude and season, and the intensity of the SHD forcing. This study has found that the humidity disturbance (especially from rainfall) is in good correspondence to posterior temperature that the previous SHD enhancement leads to the subsequent temperature drop in the surface and near-surface layer, while the centers of lowered temperature can remain more than three months. Received April 3, 2001; Revised December 19, 2001     

植被物候的遥感提取及其影响因素研究进展

植被物候是反映植被动态的重要指标和气候变化对生态系统影响的重要感应器,它影响着地表反照率、粗糙度、蒸发散、CO₂通量以及人类生产活动。首先论述了基于遥感的植被物候提取方法和植被物候变化的影响因素两方面的研究进展,然后指出气候变化背景下植物物候研究存在的突出问题,包括遥感难以直接获取常绿植被叶片和冠层结构物候、尺度效应阻碍遥感产品与地面观测的匹配、气候要素(降水和日间、夜间温度等)和城市化对物候的影响及协同作用机制不清楚、缺少针对植被类型的物候产品和模型以及未将物候间滞后效应纳入考虑等。开展常绿植被物候指标的遥感提取方法及算法研制,探索气候变化、极端天气气候对物候的影响机制及未来预估,分析城市化、植被类型对物候的影响以及与气候变化的协同效应,建立综合考虑降水、滞后效应和尺度效应的群落尺度物候模型,是未来工作关注的重点。     

Taxonomic reassessment of Polysiphonia hainanensis (Rhodomelaceae,Rhodophyta) based on molecular and morphological analyses

Polysiphonia hainanensis was previously described from Hainan, China, but DNA sequence had never been provided and its phylogenetic position in Polysiphonieae h...     

冻融循环作用对黄土微结构和强度的影响

通过对洛川黄土在反复冻融作用下的电镜扫描观测、单轴压缩试验和三轴剪切试验,研究了冻融循环作用对黄土微结构和强度的影响. 结果表明：随着冻融循环次数的增加,黄土的原始胶结结构逐渐被破坏,颗粒重新排列,土的结构越来越疏松,同级压力下土体的孔隙比不断增大;冻融循环50次后土样的原始胶结已完全破坏,当压力超过自重应力时会产生很大的附加变形. 反复冻融作用使黄土颗粒之间原始固有胶结逐渐减弱,造成黏聚力不断降低. 同时,较大的团粒破碎,颗粒均一化,颗粒与颗粒之间的接触点增多,表现为内摩擦角不断增大. 多次冻融循环后,原状黄土的抗剪强度与重塑黄土的强度接近.