全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31566篇 |
免费 | 1319篇 |
国内免费 | 2752篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1812篇 |
大气科学 | 3888篇 |
地球物理 | 6243篇 |
地质学 | 14892篇 |
海洋学 | 2037篇 |
天文学 | 1996篇 |
综合类 | 2793篇 |
自然地理 | 1976篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 29篇 |
2023年 | 113篇 |
2022年 | 310篇 |
2021年 | 344篇 |
2020年 | 286篇 |
2019年 | 350篇 |
2018年 | 5013篇 |
2017年 | 4264篇 |
2016年 | 2912篇 |
2015年 | 577篇 |
2014年 | 509篇 |
2013年 | 488篇 |
2012年 | 1334篇 |
2011年 | 3076篇 |
2010年 | 2337篇 |
2009年 | 2685篇 |
2008年 | 2187篇 |
2007年 | 2623篇 |
2006年 | 330篇 |
2005年 | 466篇 |
2004年 | 601篇 |
2003年 | 637篇 |
2002年 | 449篇 |
2001年 | 269篇 |
2000年 | 329篇 |
1999年 | 430篇 |
1998年 | 338篇 |
1997年 | 321篇 |
1996年 | 321篇 |
1995年 | 273篇 |
1994年 | 226篇 |
1993年 | 203篇 |
1992年 | 164篇 |
1991年 | 136篇 |
1990年 | 113篇 |
1989年 | 116篇 |
1988年 | 101篇 |
1987年 | 55篇 |
1986年 | 60篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 45篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1958年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Weqiang Zhang Qiang Sun Yuliang Zhang Lei Xue Fanfan Kong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):350
The evolution of porosity and changes in wave velocity in granite after high-temperature treatment has been experimentally investigated in different studies. Statistical analysis of the test results shows that there is a temperature threshold value that leads to variations in porosity and wave velocity. At a temperature that is less than 200 °C, the porosity of granite slowly increases with increases in temperature, while the wave velocity decreases. When the temperature is greater than 200 °C (especially between 400 and 600 °C), the porosity quickly increases, while the wave velocity substantially decreases. The temperature ranges of room temperature to 200 and 200–400 °C correspond to the undamaged state and the micro-damage state, respectively. The results confirm that there is an important link between the variations of physical and mechanical properties in response to thermal treatment. By studying the relationships among rock porosity, wave velocity and temperature, this provides the basis for solving multi-variable coupling problems under high temperatures for the thermal exploitation of petroleum and safe disposal of nuclear waste. 相似文献
92.
Rock slope stability is of great concern along highway routes as stability problems on cut slopes may cause fatal events as well as loss of property. In rock slope engineering, stability evaluations are commonly performed by means of analytical or numerical analyses, principally considering the factor of safety concept. As a matter of fact, the probabilistic assessment of slope stability is progressively getting popularity due to difficulties in assigning the most appropriate values to design parameters in analytical or numerical methods. Additionally, the effect of heterogeneities in rock masses and discontinuities on the analysis results is minimized through the probabilistic concept. In this study, slope stability of high and steep sedimentary rock cut slopes along a state highway in Adilcevaz-Bitlis (Turkey) was evaluated on the basis of probabilistic approach using the Slope Stability Probability Classification (SSPC) system. The probabilistic assessment indicates major slope stability problems because of discontinuity controlled and discontinuity orientation independent mass movements. Almost all studied cut slopes suffer from orientation-independent stability problems with very low stability probabilities. Additionally, the probability of planar and toppling failures is significantly high with respect to the SSPC system. The stability problems along the investigated rock slopes were also verified by field reconnaissance. Remedial measures such as slope re-design and reinforcement at the studied locations should be taken to prevent hazardous events along the highway. On the other hand, the probabilistic approach may be a useful tool during rock slope engineering to overcome numerous uncertainties when probabilistic and analytic results are compared. 相似文献
93.
Mourad Essalhi Stanislas Sizaret Luc Barbanson Yan Chen France Lagroix François Demory José M. Nieto Reinaldo Sáez M. Ángeles Capitán 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(8):981-999
In the Rio Tinto district of the Iberian Pryrite Belt of South Spain, the weathering of massive sulfide bodies form iron caps,
i.e., true gossans and their subsequent alteration and re-sedimentation has resulted in iron terraces, i.e., displaced gossans.
To study the stucture and evolution of both types of gossans, magnetic investigations have been carried out with two foci:
(1) the characterisation and spatial distribution of magnetic fabrics in different mineralised settings, including massive
sulfides, gossans, and terraces, and (2) paleomagnetic dating. Hematite has been identified as the suceptibility carrier in
all sites and magnetic fabric investigation of four gossans reveals a vertical variation from top to bottom, with: (1) a horizontal
foliation refered to as “mature” fabric in the uppermost part of the primary gossans, (2) highly inclined or vertical foliation
interpreted as “immature” fabric between the uppermost and lowermost parts, and (3) a vertical foliation interpreted to be
inherited from Hercynian deformation in the lowermost part of the profiles. In terraces, a horizontal foliation dominates
and is interpreted to be a “sedimentary” fabric. Rock magnetic studies of gossan samples have identified goethite as the magnetic
remanence carrier for the low-temperature component, showing either a single direction close to the present Earth field (PEF)
direction or random directions. Maghemite, hematite, and occasionally magnetite are the remanence carriers for the stable
high-temperature component that is characterized by non PEF directions with both normal and reversed magnetic polarities.
No reliable conclusion can be yet be drawn on the timing of terrace magnetization due to the small number of samples. In gossans,
the polarity is reversed in the upper part and normal in the lower part. This vertical distribution with a negative reversal
test suggests remanence formation during two distinct periods. Remanence in the upper parts of the gossans is older than in
the lower parts, indicating that the alteration proceeded from top to bottom of the profiles. In the upper part, the older
age and the horizontal “mature” fabric is interpreted to be a high maturation stage of massive sulfides’ alteration. In the
lower part, the age is younger and the inherited “imature” vertical Hercynian fabric indicates a weak maturation stage. These
two distinct periods may reflect changes of paleoclimate, erosion, and/or tectonic motion. 相似文献
94.
Wilfred H. Sorrell 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2009,323(2):205-211
Almost all astronomers now believe that the Hubble recession law was directly inferred from astronomical observations. It
turns out that this common belief is completely false. Those models advocating the idea of an expanding universe are ill-founded
on observational grounds. This means that the Hubble recession law is really a working hypothesis. One alternative to the
Hubble recession law is the tired-light hypothesis originally proposed by Zwicky (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 15:773, 1929). This hypothesis leads to a universe that is an eternal cosmos continually evolving without beginning or end. Such a universe
exists in a dynamical state of virial equilibrium. Observational studies of the redshift-magnitude relation for Type Ia supernovae
in distant galaxies might provide the best observational test for a tired-light cosmology. The present study shows that the
model Hubble diagram for a tired-light cosmology gives good agreement with the supernovae data for redshifts in the range
0<z<2. This observational test of a static cosmology shows that the real universe is not necessarily undergoing expansion nor
acceleration.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
95.
Basab Mukhopadhyay Manoj Mukhopadhyay Sujit Dasgupta 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(2):131-146
The plate margin features defining the Arabian Sea Triple Junction (ASTJ) are: the Aden Ridge (AR), Sheba Ridge (SR) with
their intervening Alula-Fartak Transform (AFT), Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ). Exact nature of ASTJ is
presently debated: whether it is RRF (ridge-ridge-fault) or RRR (ridge-ridge-ridge) type. A revised seismicity map for ASTJ
is given here using data for a period little more than a century. “Point density spatial statistical criterion” is applied
to short-listed 742 earthquakes (mb ≥ 4.3), 10 numbers of spatio-temporal seismic clusters are identified for ASTJ and its
arms. Relocated hypocentres help better constraining the cluster identification wherever such data exist. Seismic clusters
actually diagnose the most intense zones of strain accumulation due to far field as well as the local stress operating at
ASTJ. An earthquake swarm emanating from a prominent seismic cluster below SR provides an opportunity to investigate the pore
pressure diffusion process (due to the active source) by means of “r-t plot”. Stress and faulting pattern in the active zones
are deduced from 43 CMT solutions. While normal or lateral faulting is characteristic for these arms, an anomalous thrust
earthquake occurs in the triangular ‘Wheatley Deep’ deformation zone proximal to ASTJ. The latter appears to have formed due
to a shift of the deformational front from OFZ towards a transform that offsets SR. Though ASTJ is still in the process of
evolution, available data favour that this RRF triple junction may eventually be converted to a more stable RRR type. 相似文献
96.
Binh Thai Pham Dieu Tien Bui Indra Prakash Long Hoang Nguyen M. B. Dholakia 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):371
Landslide susceptibility assessment using GIS has been done for part of Uttarakhand region of Himalaya (India) with the objective of comparing the predictive capability of three different machine learning methods, namely sequential minimal optimization-based support vector machines (SMOSVM), vote feature intervals (VFI), and logistic regression (LR) for spatial prediction of landslide occurrence. Out of these three methods, the SMOSVM and VFI are state-of-the-art methods for binary classification problems but have not been applied for landslide prediction, whereas the LR is known as a popular method for landslide susceptibility assessment. In the study, a total of 430 historical landslide polygons and 11 landslide affecting factors such as slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, curvature, lithology, soil, land cover, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to lineaments, and rainfall were selected for landslide analysis. For validation and comparison, statistical index-based methods and the receiver operating characteristic curve have been used. Analysis results show that all these models have good performance for landslide spatial prediction but the SMOSVM model has the highest predictive capability, followed by the VFI model, and the LR model, respectively. Thus, SMOSVM is a better model for landslide prediction and can be used for landslide susceptibility mapping of landslide-prone areas. 相似文献
97.
Analysis of ocean fronts' uncertainties indicates that they result from indiseemibility of their spatial position and fuzzi-ness of their intensity. In view of this, a flow hierarchy for uncertainty representation of ocean fronts is proposed on the basis of fuzzy-rough set theory. Firstly, raster scanning and blurring are carried out on an ocean front, and the upper and lower approximate sets, the indiscernible relation in fuzzy-rough theories and related operators in fuzzy set theories are adopted to represent its uncer-tainties, then they are classified into three sets: with members one hundred pereent belonging to the ocean front, belonging to the ocean front's edge and definitely not belonging to the ocean front. Finally, the approximate precision and roughness degree are util-ized to evaluate the ocean front's degree of uncertainties and the precision of the representation. It has been proven that the method is not only capable of representing ocean fronts' uncertainties, but also provides a new theory and method for uncertainty representation of other oceanic phenomena. 相似文献
98.
99.
Long-term soil moisture dynamics derived from GNSS interferometric reflectometry: a case study for Sutherland,South Africa 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sibylle Vey Andreas Güntner Jens Wickert Theresa Blume Markus Ramatschi 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(4):641-654
Soil moisture is a geophysical key observable for predicting floods and droughts, modeling weather and climate and optimizing agricultural management. Currently available in situ observations are limited to small sampling volumes and restricted number of sites, whereas measurements from satellites lack spatial resolution. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can be used to estimate soil moisture time series at an intermediate scale of about 1000 m2. In this study, GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data at the station Sutherland, South Africa, are used to estimate soil moisture variations during 2008–2014. The results capture the wetting and drying cycles in response to rainfall. The GNSS Volumetric Water Content (VWC) is highly correlated (r 2 = 0.8) with in situ observations by time-domain reflectometry sensors and is accurate to 0.05 m3/m3. The soil moisture estimates derived from the SNR of the L1 and L2P signals compared to the L2C show small differences with a RMSE of 0.03 m3/m3. A reduction in the SNR sampling rate from 1 to 30 s has very little impact on the accuracy of the soil moisture estimates (RMSE of the VWC difference 1–30 s is 0.01 m3/m3). The results show that the existing data of the global tracking network with continuous observations of the L1 and L2P signals with a 30-s sampling rate over the last two decades can provide valuable complementary soil moisture observations worldwide. 相似文献
100.
数理统计和机器学习模型如支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)等,在区域滑坡敏感性评价中得到广泛的应用.但这些模型的建模过程往往较复杂,如在对机器学习进行训练和测试时难以选取合理的非滑坡栅格单元,而且有较多的模型参数需要确定.为提高滑坡敏感性评价建模的效率和精度,提出基于灰色关联度的敏感性评价模型.灰色关联度模型能有效计算各比较样本与参考样本之间的定量的关联度,具有建模过程简洁和评价精度高的优点,该模型目前在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的应用还没有引起研究人员的足够关注且有待进一步拓展.拟将灰色关联度模型用于浙江省飞云江流域南田—雅梅图幅(南田地区)的滑坡敏感性评价,并将得到的评价结果与SVM模型的敏感性评价结果作对比分析.结果显示,灰色关联度模型在高和极高敏感区的滑坡预测精度优于SVM模型,而在中等敏感区的滑坡预测精度略低于SVM模型;整体而言,灰色关联度模型对整个南田地区滑坡敏感性分布的预测精度略高于SVM模型.对两个模型建模过程的对比结果显示,灰色关联度模型建模较简单,具有比SVM模型更高的建模效率,为滑坡敏感性评价提供了一种新思路. 相似文献