The bacterial diversity and community composition altered in the oxygen minimum zone of the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean

The oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are globally expanding, yet the variation pattern of microbial communities related to dissolved oxygen levels remain unclear. Sp...     

中国边缘海海洋沉积生态环境反演中的生物标志物

中国边缘海是海—陆—气圈进行物质和能量交换最活跃的海域之一,重建中国边缘海海洋生态环境演变对深入探析人类活动和气候变化的耦合作用意义重大,海洋沉积物生物标志物为定性/定量揭示海洋生态环境演变提供有效手段,可为预测人类活动影响下的海洋生态环境演变趋势提供科学支撑。本文总结归纳目前海洋沉积物中常用的古菌、细菌和真核来源生物标志物在海陆来源、化学结构、分布规律与功能等方面的特征,分析了不同生物标志物类型在重建海洋温度、酸碱度、氧化还原环境和浮游植物演变过程中的应用状况,剖析了多参数生物标志物在重建中国边缘海生态环境演变中存在的问题。总体而言,利用生物标志物重建中国边缘海生态环境演变的研究大多还停留在定性描述水平;由于对生物标志物母源生物及其适应机制认识不足会导致对生物标志物指标的解译存在偏差,进而影响海洋环境重建结果的准确性;此外,多种重要海洋环境演变参数并未建立起有效的生物标志物指标。未来的海洋生态环境重建研究应从结合新技术新方法厘清生物来源,整合大数据分析方法构建有更精确对应关系的校正公式以实现定量反演和准确预测,同时结合功能微生物群落筛选出更具独特性的新型生物标志物等方面开展研究。     

Forms and functions of inorganic carbon in the Jiaozhou Bay sediments

Inorganic carbon forms and their influencing factors, mutual transformation and contribution to carbon cycling in the Jiaozhou Bay sediments were discussed. The results show that inorganic carbon in sediments could be divided into five forms:NaCl form, NH₃·H₂O form, NaOH form, NH₂OH·HCl form and HCl form. Thereinto, NH₂OH·HCl form and HCl form account for more than 70% of total inorganic carbon. There was close relationship among every form of inorganic carbon and their correlativity was clearly different with different sedimentary environment except the similar strong positive correlation among NH₂OH·HCl form, HCl form and total inorganic carbon in all regions of the Jiaozhou Bay. All forms of inorganic carbon were influenced by organic carbon, pH, Eh, Es, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments, but their influence had different characteristics in different regions. Every form of inorganic carbon transformed into each other continuously during early diagenesis of sediments and the common phenomenon was that NaCl form, NH₃·H₂O form, NaOH form and NH₂OH·HCl form might transform into steady HCl form. NaCl form, NH₃·H₂O form, NaOH form and NH₂OH·HCl form could participate in carbon recycle and they are potential carbon source; HCl form may be buried for a long time in sediments, and it may be one of the final resting places of atmospheric CO₂. Inorganic carbon which entered into sediments was about 4.98×10¹⁰ g in the Jiaozhou Bay every year, in which about 1.47×10¹⁰ g of inorganic carbon might be buried for a long time and about 3.51×10¹⁰ g of inorganic carbon might return into seawater and take part in carbon recycling.     

水环境中新污染物的分离富集与测定——以磺胺类合成药物为例

作为新污染物的磺胺类(Sulfonamides,SAs)是应用最早的一类人工合成抗菌药物,被广泛应用于人类、农业、畜牧业和水产养殖。进入体内的磺胺类合成药物随代谢排入水环境中,对水生生态系统和人类健康构成潜在威胁。环境中磺胺类合成药物的准确分析测定是探析其环境生物地球化学特性的基础,近年来,随着科学技术的进步,已构建了适于水环境中痕量磺胺类合成药物的快速灵敏测定方法,特别是样品的前处理与分离富集技术有了跨越式的发展。总结归纳了近年来水环境中磺胺类合成药物的样品前处理技术以及分析方法的研究进展,分析了不同环境样品前处理技术和分析方法的优缺点,在此基础上,前瞻分析了水环境磺胺类合成药物分析测定的发展思路。具有回收率高、选择性强、重现性好、成本低、环境友好及可自动化等优势的固相萃取(Solid phase extraction,SPE)作为液相萃取(Liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)的替代方法,现已被广泛应用于水环境中痕量磺胺类合成药物的分离和富集,随着新型吸附剂材料的发展,SPE的灵敏度和选择性得到了明显提升。液相色谱(Liquid chromatography,LC)与串联质谱(Tandem mass spectrometry,MS/MS)联用技术是目前磺胺类合成药物的主要定量分析方法,具有检测限低、灵敏度高、多种目标物的同时检测及重现性好等优点。未来应从重点关注磺胺类代谢产物及降解产物在水环境中残留的角度,开发更为操作简单、快速且灵敏的分析测定方法,以便更有效地监管水环境中人工合成药物的生态环境效应。     

Characteristics and biogeochemical effects of oxygen minimum zones in typical seamount areas,Tropical Western Pacific

As a serious consequence of ocean warming and increased stratification, a rapid decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) content of the world's oceans has attracted mo...     

Iron and inorganic carbon in Liaodong Gulf sediments of Bohai Sea in China

1Introduction Ithasbeenapprovedthatoceanisthenetsink foratmosphericcarbondioxide(Sabineetal.,2000;Milleretal.,2002;Takahashietal.,2002;DeGrandpreetal.,2002;Song,2004).Thereare twoprincipalwaysinwhichcarbonisdrawndown fromthesurfaceocean:thereductionofinor…     

人类活动影响下的胶州湾近百年来环境演变的沉积记录

本文报道了胶州湾柱状沉积物中各生源要素(C、N、P、BSi)以及重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni、Co、Zn等)的地球化学特征,在210Pb精确定年的基础上计算了各项地球化学参数的埋藏通量,并结合元素间的比值(OC/TN、OC/OP、BSi/N、BSi/P;其中OC为有机碳,TN为总氮,OP为有机磷,BSi为生物源硅)和重金属的某些污染指数,给出了胶州湾环境演变的沉积记录以及人类活动影响因子.结果表明:胶州湾近百年的环境演变大致可以分为三个阶段:1980年以前、1980年到2000年左右和2000年至今,经历了环境的未受污染期污染期治理好转期.这些变化除与自然因素有关外,大部分应该归因于人类活动作用的加强.     

Geochemical records of phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay sediments-Implications for environmental changes in recent hundred years

Phosphorus is a key element and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. The evolution of sedimentary environment is also influenced by phosphorus concentrations and fractions as well as phosphate sorption characteristics of the marine sediments. The geochemical characteristics of phosphorus and their environmental records were presented in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Profiles of different forms of phosphorus were measured as well as the roles and vertical distributions of phosphorus forms in response to sedimentary environment changes were investigated. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major fraction of total phosphorus (TP); phosphorus which is bound to calcium, iron and occluded phosphorus, as well as the exchangeable phosphorus were the main forms of IP, especially calcium-phosphorus, including detrital carbonate-bound phosphorus (Det-P) and authigenic apatite-bound phosphorus (ACa-P), are the uppermost constituent of IP in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Moreover, the lead-210 chronology technology was employed to estimate how much phosphorus was buried ultimately in sediments. And the research showed that the impacts of human activities have increased remarkably in recent years especially between the 1980s and 2000. According to research, the development of Jiaozhou Bay environment in the past hundred years can be divided into three stages: (1) before the 1980s characterized by the relatively low sedimentation rate, weak land-derived phosphorus inputs and low anthropogenic impacts; (2) from the 1980s to around 2000, accelerating in the 1990s, during which high sedimentation rates, high phosphorus abundance and burial fluxes due to the severe human activities impacted on the whole environmental system; (3) after 2000, the period of the improvement of environment, the whole system has been improved including the decreasing sedimentation rates, concentration and the burial fluxes of phosphorus.     

基于“双核”评价框架的近40年来胶州湾海洋环境健康状况演变

基于近海生态环境健康状况“双核”评价框架,文章综合评估近40年来胶州湾海洋环境健康状况,梳理胶州湾生态环境伴随青岛市经济社会发展的演变历程。以每10年为1个区间,近40年来胶州湾海洋生态环境健康状况的“双核”评价结果为：1981-1990年为“良+0.22”、1991-2000年为“优+0.53”、2001-2010年为“良+0.87”以及2011-2020年为“优+0.90”。随着青岛市经济社会的发展,人类对胶州湾海洋资源环境开发利用的力度不断加大,胶州湾生态环境也出现各种问题：20世纪80年代水质恶化,90年代生物群落健康状况下滑,2000年后富营养化问题严重。2010年以来,青岛市加大生态保护和环境治理力度,胶州湾的海洋生态环境得到显著改善,而伴随着新旧动能转化提速和产业结构不断优化升级,经济开发活动对胶州湾海洋生态环境的扰动不断降低,最终实现胶州湾海洋经济与环境良性、健康的绿色发展模式。     

Sedimentary trace-element records of natural and human-induced environmental changes in the East China Sea

Total and chemical fractions of nine potential harmful elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Bi) and five lithogenic elements (Li, Sc, Rb, Cs and Th) in two ²¹⁰Pb-dated cores from the East China Sea were analyzed to investigate their applications in paleoenvironment studies, and to reconstruct the histories of environmental changes. The residual fraction was the largest pool of trace elements in sediments. Potential harmful elements exhibited distributions that were similar to residual fractions and the lithogenic elements, indicating their terrestrial origin mainly derived from the Changjiang River and the old Huanghe delta. In the coastal core, the distributions of total and residual trace elements recorded the dry/wet variations of the Changjiang runoff since the 1850s. Total potential harmful elements and lithogenic elements in the offshore core reflected fluctuations in the strength of the Jiangsu coastal current and the East Asia Winter Monsoon over the last century. The response mechanisms of sedimentary trace elements to the runoff and monsoon variations involved direct terrestrial input of elements and the impacts of TOC and sediment grain size on trace elements in sediments. Enrichment factors (EFs), chemical fractions and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the anthropogenic disturbance on potential harmful elements. PCA identified the lithogenic fraction of trace elements in both cores and the anthropogenic/authigenic input in the coastal core. Increases of the EFs and labile fractions of Zn, Pb and Bi in upper sediments of the coastal core indicated increased anthropogenic input of Zn and Pb since the 1980s, and increased Bi input since the 1940s. Increases in oxidizable Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Bi above 16 cm were related to eutrophication and elevated marine organic matter in inshore East China Sea after the 1990s. Sediment records in offshore did not show any evidence of anthropogenic influence on the potential harmful elements. This study revealed that trace elements in sediments were good proxies for natural and human-induced environmental changes in waters.