Early hydrocarbon generation of biological lipids in non-marine lacustrine basins—a genetic mechanism of immature oil

Taking both eastern Linqing Depression and North Jiangsu Basin as examples, based on geochemical features of immature oils as well as source inputs of hydrocarbons and macerals, it is revealed that a mixed source input of alga bio-lipids and higher plant waxes is a basic characteristic of source material for immature oils in non-marine brackish-saline lacustrine basins. Project supported by the “85–102” Chinese National Key Science and Technology Project and the National Gas Geochemistry Key Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

孕震过程中地震活动时空不均匀性的研究

在大地震的长期孕育过程中,孕震区的地震活动一般都要经历一个加速增强过程和一个异常平静过程,显示出地震活动时空不均匀性的加剧。基于这一事实,本文定量地定义了描述确定区域地震活动空间不均匀性的两项指标,即地震频次不均匀度F_d和地震能量不均匀度E_d。在阐明其理论依据的基础上,以我国近十几年内发生的8个6—7级地震为例,总结了F_d的异常时间T_f和E_d的异常时间T_e与未来地震强度的相关性。由其相关性出发,对1987年1月8日甘肃迭部发生的5.9级地震作了检验,检验效果尚好。一系列震例的总结和检验说明:运用指标E_d、F_d定量地探讨和预报某一确定区域地震发生的可能性是可行的。     

1986年门源6.4级地震前的波速比异常与模糊数学方法的应用

1986年8月23日门源6.4级地震前,地震波速度比异常从1984年起即开始出现,异常过程中由于受1985年7月14日冷龙岭3.6级地震的影响而略有回升,以后继续呈负异常,最大幅度达7%。震前在震中以西地区的波速比值未出现回升以后的明显高值,而震中以东的九条岭地区虽然长趋势波速比值负异常不明显,但震前的趋势上升及高值的出现却十分清楚。     

马铃薯产量的风险评估及区划研究

以马铃薯主产区乌兰察布盟地区为例，从1961～2000年马铃薯单产波动的相对值着手，以历年减产率指标、减产率变异系数指标、减产率概率指标和综合风险指数指标等为评估标准，结合小网格资源推算的方法，分析了乌兰察布盟地区马铃薯单产的风险分布规律。根据气候相似性原理，利用最优动态聚类方法，给出马铃薯种植的风险区划。同时对影响马铃薯产量波动的风险成因进行分析，指出春、夏季干旱及全年干旱、降水变率大是引起该地区马铃薯产量波动的主要因子。     

NASA固体地球科学未来25年研究设想

在过去几十年,地球科学作为一门学科已经认识到,要把地球作为一个系统的动态的和相互联系的星球来研究。地球系统的每个组成部分之间以十分复杂的方式相互作用,来自每个组成部分的力量持续地驱动其它组成部分的响应。响应固体地球、大气圈、海洋、水圈、生物圈之间的复杂相互作用,以及地球内部的过程,地球表面一直处于变化之中———地震、火山喷发、破坏性洪水、滑坡和其它自然灾害,认识地球表面的这些变化是一个重大的科学挑战。固体地球科学的根本目标是评估和减轻严重危害人类健康和安全、国家安全、经济发展的自然灾害。为了迎接这…     

Geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the late Permian coal in the Zhijin coalfield of southwest China and their volcanic origin

This paper describes the influence of volcanic ash on the concentrations and occurrences of associated elements in coal in the Zhijin Coalfield in western Guizhou Province, China. Our studies reveal that the No. 9 coal seam in the Zhijin Coalfield has very high content of Fe (4.34%), Cu (369.90 μg/g), U (49.6 μg/g), Mo (63.10 μg/g), Zn (33.97 μg/g), and Zr (841.80 μg/g). The studies have also found that elements, such as Fe and Cu, do not occur as sulfides in this coal seam, in sharp contrast to many other coal seams in China. The geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the coal seam are attributed to synsedimentary volcanic ash. In addition to normal macerals and minerals in coal, a volcanic-influenced material (VIM) derived from volcanic ash, detrital material of terrigenous origin and organic matter was identified under polarized-light reflectance microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The volcanic-influenced material is the main carrier of the above elements in this coal. Six types of the volcanic-influenced material (VIM-1, VIM-2, VIM-3, VIM-4, VIM-5, and VIM-6) are further distinguished on the basis of their structures and compositions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that presents a detailed classification of coal components with a high content of volcanic ash.     

Molecular Geochemical Evidence for the Origin of Natural Gas from Dissolved Hydrocarbon in Ordovician Formation Waters in Central Ordos Basin

1IntroductionTheOrdosBasinisthesecondlargestoilandgas bearingbasininChina .ItislocatedinthePaleo zoicplatformandbelongstoacratonbasin ,whichisincongruencewiththePaleozoicdepressionattheedgesoftheplatformandtheMesozoic Cenozoicdepressionwithintheplatform .SincethediscoveryofnaturalgasesinWellShancan 1andWellYu 3in 1989,theassessmentandexplorationofOrdovicianweatheringcrustnaturalgasesintheOrdosBasinhaveattractedextensiveatten tion (YangJunjieetal.,1996 ;DaiJinxingetal.,1997) .Thecentral…     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of acoustic emission during the deformation of rock samples with compressional and extensional en-echelon faults

Introduction By the experimental techniques of acoustic emission (AE) and surface strain observation, a lot of achievements on the study of deformation and fracture process of samples with en-echelon faults has been obtained (Bomblakis, 1973; LIU, et al, 1986; DU, et al, 1989; LI, et al, 1989; ZHANG, FANG, 1989; ZHANG, LI, 1989; MA, et al, 1995a, b; LI, et al, 2000). However, there still exist many problems. For example, most of discussion on the spatio-temporal evolution of microf…     

广东沿海陆地地质灾害系统与灾害动力学

依据地质灾害发生的动力学机制以及对地表的影响深度和灾害载体的运动特征，将广东陆地地质灾害划分为三类灾害系，即表层灾害系、表－浅层灾害系和表－深层灾害系，其影响因素和动力源是大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈及人文圈（人类活动）。五大圈造成了地质灾害系的形成、演化和发展，又反过来影响这五大圈的变化。灾害系的能量源归属于三大类：日地系统、地球系统和人类系统。文中指出人类系统的能量源在地质环境和地质灾害的形成、演化中占有越来越重要的地位。     

略论位(重力)基数测量在水利建设中的应用

为改变西部干旱缺水,在西部大开发中,大规模、长尺度地兴修水利,如南水北调,将有必要进行。基于同一个水准面上高程相同的原则,本文强调在上述工程的设计施工时应该使用与位基数意义相同的力高高程。据计算,在纬度差为12°,高差相差的近2500m的同一条测线上,现行的高程与力高高程相差7m之多,这样大的偏差是不能忽略的。文中对高程测量中重力点的布设及重力内插的精度等也提出了新的看法。