龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪活动速率

1龙门山断裂带概述 龙门山断裂带为青藏高原川青块体与华南四川盆地间的边界断裂,沿龙门山展布,走向北东,全长约500km,宽40～50km.该带主要由茂汶-汶川断裂(后山断裂)、北川-映秀断裂(主中央断裂)、江油-灌县断裂(主边界断裂)和后山、前山和前缘三条推覆构造带组成.全长约500km,宽40～50km.断裂带中段与岷江斜交并断错了岷江及其支流的河流阶地.本文应用河流阶地变形研究了该断裂带中段晚第四纪的活动速率.     

云南建水-蒙自一带断裂滑动速率与冲沟对走滑断错的响应

1新构造环境 云南建水-蒙自一带位于小江断裂带南段以东、红河断裂带南段以北,紧邻川滇菱形块体东南端,大致在石屏-建水断裂SEE方向的延长线上,主要断裂有蒙自东山断裂、田山断裂和黑泥地断裂.因这一地区历史上无大震记录且构造活动不如小江断裂带、曲江断裂带和石屏-建水断裂强烈而未引起活动构造研究者的重视.但其位于川滇菱形块体向SE145°平移的前锋,势必受到川滇菱形块体运动的影响,断裂也会表现出一定程度的响应.     

基于Multigen和Vega的地理环境仿真系统设计

地理环境仿真技术是虚拟现实技术体系的重要组成部分之一，在仿真漫游系统、数字城市可视化等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。本文通过详细论述地理环境仿真系统的设计过程，结合实际经验，对基于Multigen和Vega的仿真系统的构建方法和技术路线进行了探讨。     

云南建水-蒙自一带冲沟走滑断错及其意义

云南建水-蒙自一带位于川滇菱形块体向SE145°平移的前锋,受其影响,该地区的蒙自东山断裂、田山断裂和黑泥地断裂等表现出一定程度的晚第四纪活动性,跨过断裂的冲沟被走滑断错。攀枝花以东的蒙自东山断裂右旋错断冲沟和其间的山脊约40m,并在山前洪积扇上形成偏离上游约30m的废弃古河道,古河道中堆积物的年龄为44kaBP,断裂右旋滑动速率约为0.7mma。大红地北一条冲沟在跨过田山断裂时发生右旋拐弯。冲沟在山前形成了年龄分别为31kaBP和39kaBP的2级洪积阶地,呈现出年轻阶地位错量大于老阶地的反常现象。田山断裂的平均右旋滑动速率约0.9mma。发育于黑泥地断裂南侧的多条冲沟在流过断裂时发生一致性的右旋位错,其中一条冲沟位错量达14m,断裂的右旋滑动速率为0.4mma。这一地区自30～40kaBP开始发生了一次明显的构造运动,表现为这一时代的洪积扇上的地貌过程由加积转变为切割,并被断裂错断。断裂的走滑速率明显低于小江断裂带、曲江断裂带和石屏-建水断裂带等。川滇菱形地块向SSE方向的平移及其构造活动不仅仅局限在小江断裂带以西的地块内部,而是引起了外围地块上的断裂活动,但断裂活动强度不及内部断裂的13。冲沟对走滑断错的响应分为3种类型,分别为同步弯曲型、加剧弯曲型和不对称谷地型,其中加剧弯曲型的地貌过程较为复杂。每种类型都记录了断裂的走滑活动,在估算断错量和滑动速率时应甄别不同的响应类型,以免人为的“加大”或“减小”甚至“忽略”断裂的活动幅度。     

Comparison between earthquake magnitudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph network （Ⅱ）： Surface wave magnitude

By using orthogonal regression method, a systematic comparison is made between surface wave magnitudes determined by Institute of Geophysics of China Earthquake Administration （IGCEA） and National Earthquake Information Center of US Geological Survey （USGS/NEIC） on the basis of observation data collected by the two institutions between 1983 and 2004. A formula is obtained which reveals the relationship between surface wave magnitudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph network. The result shows that, as different calculation formulae and observational instruments are used, surface wave magnitude determined by IGCEA is generally greater by 0.2 than that determined by NEIC： for M=3.5-4.5 earthquakes, it is greater by 0.3; for M=5.0-6.5 earthquakes, it is greater by 0.2; and for M≥7.0 earthquakes, it is greater by no more than 0.1.     

05.7.23河北暴雨中尺度分析

利用常规观测资料和卫星、自动站、加密雨量站、多普勒雷达等资料，对2005年7月22—24日河北中南部大暴雨过程进行天气动力学和中尺度分析，结果表明：这次暴雨是在有利的大尺度环流下产生的；副热带高压及热带系统造成的低层水汽堆积及高层的强辐散为强对流发生提供了热力和动力条件；整个过程中主要有三个强对流云团活动，地面对应有3个中-β尺度雨团产生，雨团一般出现在中尺度辐合线或中尺度气旋性环流偏向暖湿气流一侧；强雷达回波和正负速度对、逆风区等特征对强降水具有指示意义。     

Deep-water sediments and evolution of the Lower Triassic Xikou Formation in southwestern Fujian, China

The Lower Triassic Xikou Formation in southwestern Fujian, China is a set of complex deep-water sediments which includes turbidites, sandy contourites and isolated olistoliths. Five facies and seven subfacies are recognized in the deep-water turbidites, which are considered to belong to five facies associations of upper, middle and lower fans, respectively. The sandy contourites, which occur within turbidites as isolated thin layers with structures of traction current, are formed by reworking turbidites. They occur in discrete units, not as a part of a vertical sequence of structures, such as Bouma sequence. Paleocurrent directions derived from sandy contourites are perpendicular to or at a large angle of those derived from turbidites. In some areas, within the Formation there exist large oolitic limestone blocks slided from shallow sea. The temporal-spatial distribution of three types of sediments mentioned above and the related evidences could indicate that a passive continental margin from shallow sea to bathyal-abyssal region, dipping toward southeast, once occurred in study area during the early Triassic. The early Triassic represents a period of sealevel uprising. The uprising of sea level and the development of isolated olistoliths probably imply gradual shrinking of an ocean basin at that time. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49490011, 49702036).     

Estimating the Degree of Earthquake Risk from Fault Characteristics

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试论幔柱构造与成矿系统——以三江特提斯成矿域为例

以三江特提斯成矿域为例,简述了幔柱构造特征,提出了“幔柱构造成矿体系”新观点。研究表明,热幔柱发育演化,导致大陆岩石圈向大洋岩石圈构造体制转化,伴随大陆活化、减薄、去根、张裂、解体和成洋诸事件;冷幔柱形成演变,导致大洋岩石圈向大陆岩石圈构造体制转变,并引发俯冲造山→碰撞造山→陆内造山过程。在幔柱构造制约下,一系列形成于不同构造背景、产出不同地质环境、具有不同成矿体制、不同序次组合和不同成矿类型的矿床成矿系列组合和矿床成矿谱系,共同构成统一的成矿体系。热幔柱成矿体系包括热幔柱热点和热幔柱－扩张脊２大次级成矿系统,冷幔柱成矿体系包括冷幔柱－俯冲造山、冷幔柱－碰撞造山和冷幔柱－陆内造山３大次级成矿系统。最后,按成矿体系,成矿系列和矿床三级体制对三江特提斯成矿域主要矿床形成条件和成矿规律进行了全新分析。     

西准噶尔东部碱性花岗岩体侵位机理的岩浆动力学初步探讨

运用岩浆动力学原理探讨了西准噶尔东部碱性花岗岩浆侵位的驱动力、上升通道、通道最小临界宽度和定位过程。指出：碱性花岗岩体是由其岩浆主要在区域性挤压应力作用下,沿深大断裂以最小临界宽度1．33～301m的脉状上升,并在地壳浅部发生气球膨胀和岩墙扩张．定位于与区内深大断裂有关的次级张性裂隙发育部位后形成的。