延川县地质灾害详细调查实践与认识

延川县地处陕北黄土梁峁沟壑区,地质灾害频发。通过遥感解译、地面调查,查明了区内地质灾害类型、规模、特点及其分布规律。     

A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes

On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing, China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the Wulong rockslide.     

Origin and recharge estimates of groundwater in the ordos plateau,People’s Republic of China

Groundwater is a valuable resource in the semiarid Ordos Plateau region where abundant mineral resources, such as coal, natural gas, and halite, are present. With resources development, groundwater demand will increase dramatically. The origin identification and recharge estimates of groundwater are significant components of sustainable groundwater development in the Ordos Plateau. Groundwater and precipitation samples were taken and the isotopic compositions δ²H, δ¹⁸O, and chloride were analyzed to identify groundwater origins and to estimate recharge rates. The δ²H and δ¹⁸O of the groundwater show that the groundwater recharge is of meteoric origin. The chloride mass balance (CMB) method was used to quantify recharge rates of groundwater in the Ordos Plateau, which varies from 2.93 to 22.11% of the effective annual rainfall. Recharge rates estimated by CMB were compared with values obtained from other methods and were found to be in good agreement. This study can be used to develop effective programs for groundwater management and development.     

用动态重结晶石英颗粒的分形确定变形温度及应变速率

韧性变形岩石中动态重结晶石英颗粒边界形态具有自相似性，表现出分形特征。动态重结晶石英颗粒边界的分形维数随温度的升高而减小，随应变速率的增加而增大，可作为韧性变形温度及应变速率的标度计。适合重结晶石英边界分维值的计算方法有封闭折线法和面积周长法。鲁西青邑韧性剪切带中糜棱岩动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有自相似性，分维值为1.228～1.326，初步估算出古应变速率为10     

淮安芒硝资源开发现状与发展对策

淮安芒硝资料的开发利用已使基我国东部新崛起的开采与加工基地，但问题也随之逐渐显现出来，主要是缺乏通盘规划、盲目扩大生产规模、污染环境以及勘查和基础设施跟不上等。就以上问题，作者对淮安芒硝开发提出了相应的对策与建议。     

一维渗透固结中排水边界生成与识别的初步探讨

本文首先分析了内部与表部土层生成排水边界时的渗流方向并提出了绝对与相对排水边界的概念;然后分别讨论了绝对与相对排水边界的识别标准.     

The Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains：New Constraint from the North Kueda Pluton

Systematic geochemical studies have been conducted on the North Küda Pluton, West Kunlun, in order to reveal its petrogenesis and tectonic implications. The North Küda Pluton is a potassium-rich (K₂O>5.4wt% ) I-type granitic pluton and does not contain any alkaline ferromagnesian mineral. Its relatively high REE, LILE (e.g. Rb, Cs, U and Th) and HFSE (e. g. Nb, Zr) contents make it very akin to the A-type granites. Its heterogeneous Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7049∼0.7098) and Nd (εNd_T= −1.05∼−4.04) isotope compositions preclude the possibility of a pure sedimentary or igneous source. Instead, its geochemical compositions suggest that it may be derived from partial melting of a complex source, which consists of igneous and sedimentary rocks. Its intraplate characteristics, together with coeval mafic dykes, indicate an extensional environment at the end of Caledonian. The recognition of the extensional event does not support a continuous subduction-accretion model for the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains. On the contrary, it provides new evidence for the twostage island-arc model.     

Determination of Platinum-Group Elements and Forty Two Other Elements in Two Candidate Danish Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Clay Reference Materials by INAA, ENAA and RNAA

Ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum (PGEs) and forty two other elements in two candidate geological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay reference materials taken from the Fish Clay, Stevns Klint, Denmark, were determined by a combination of neutron activation analysis (NAA) consisting of instrumental, epithermal and radiochemical NAA with or without nickel sulfide fire assay preconcentration. The accuracy of the experimental values was assessed by the comparative analysis of the certified reference materials.     

可控冲击矛模拟试验

改进了可控冲击矛试验设备、试验方案，在提高测量精度的基础上进行了试验，获得了大量数据。利用计算机并运用最小二乘法对各数据点进行拟合处理，得出了可控冲击矛钻进轨迹和轨迹偏移的规律。