Characterizing the capability of mesoscale eddies to carry drifters in the northwest Pacific

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Mesoscale eddies are common oceanic phenomena. Although many related studies have been conducted, the ability for mesoscale eddies to carry real particles...     

Evolution of Palaeoenvironment of the South Yellow Sea Since the Last Deglaciation

The sediments in core YS01 recovered from the South Yellow Sea mud deposit zone contain abundant benthic foraminifera, particularly shallow continental shelf species, but rare of planktonic foraminifera. The benthic foraminifera are dominated by stenohaline cold shallow-water species and euryhaline brackish-water species. In this paper, the palaeoenvironmental changes were discussed based on the grain-size compositions and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Six different benthic foraminiferal assemblages were discriminated by species analysis from the foraminiferal fauna. According to AMS~(14)C dating data in core YS01, we identified four main stages of marine environmental changes since the last deglaciation: a near-shore depositional stage(13.1 – 9.5 kyr B.P.), a transitional stage from near-shore deposition to shallow-sea deposition(9.5 – 5.6 kyr B.P.), a high sea level stage with shallow-sea deposition(5.6–2.9 kyr B.P.), and a stable shallow-sea depositional stage(2.9 kyr B.P. to the present).     

Silicon isotope fractionation between rice plants and nutrient solution and its significance to the study of the silicon cycle

The silicon isotope fractionation between rice plant and nutrient solution was studied experimentally. Rice plants were grown to maturity with the hydroponic culture in a naturally lit glasshouse. The nutrient solution was sampled for 14 times during the whole rice growth period. The rice plants were collected at various growth stages and different parts of the plants were sampled separately. The silica contents of the samples were determined by the gravimetric method and the silicon isotope compositions were measured using the SiF₄ method.In the growth process, the silicon content in the nutrient solution decreased gradually from 16 mM at starting stage to 0.1-0.2 mM at harvest and the amount of silica in single rice plant increased gradually from 0.00013 g at start to 4.329 g at harvest. Within rice plant the SiO₂ fraction in roots reduced continuously from 0.23 at the seedling stage, through 0.12 at the tiller stage, 0.05 at the jointing stage, 0.023 at the heading stage, to 0.009 at the maturity stage. Accordingly, the fraction of SiO₂ in aerial parts increased from 0.77, through 0.88, 0.95, 0.977, to 0.991 for the same stages. The silicon content in roots decreased from the jointing stage, through the heading stage, to the maturity stage, parallel to the decrease of silicon content in the nutrient solution. At the maturity stage, the silicon content increased from roots, through stem and leaves, to husks, but decreased drastically from husks to grains. These observations show that transpiration and evaporation may play an important role in silica transportation and precipitation within rice plants.It was observed that the δ³⁰Si of the nutrient solution increased gradually from −0.1‰ at start to 1.5‰ at harvest, and the δ³⁰Si of silicon absorbed by bulk rice plant increased gradually from −1.72‰ at start to −0.08‰ at harvest, reflecting the effect of the kinetic silicon isotope fractionation during silicon absorption by rice plants from nutrient solutions. The calculated silicon isotope fractionation factor between the silicon instantaneously absorbed by rice roots and the silicon in nutrient solution vary from 0.9983 at start to 0.9995 at harvest, similar to those reported for bamboo, banana and diatoms in direction and extent. In the maturity stage, the δ³⁰Si value of rice organs decreased from −1.33‰ in roots to −1.98‰ in stem, and then increased through −0.16‰ in leaves and 1.24‰ in husks, to 2.21‰ in grains. This trend is similar to those observed in the field grown rice and bamboo.These quantitative data provide us a solid base for understanding the mechanisms of silicon absorption, transportation and precipitation in rice plants and the role of rice growth in the continental Si cycle.     

河南省冰雹短期预报方法研究

利用1999—2010年共45个冰雹日个例(全省同一天有≥2站出现冰雹),分析冰雹日高低空、地面形势特征和降雹落区,发现降雹与500 h Pa环流形势关系密切。因此依据冰雹日08时500 h Pa高空形势及对流层低层的特点,将河南省冰雹天气形势划分为西北气流型、东北冷涡型、华北冷涡型及低槽型4个天气类型,并依据不同的天气类型给出可能发生冰雹的大致落区。由于冰雹的形成除有利的天气形势背景条件外,还必须具备低层水汽辐合、大气不稳定层结、触发机制3个基本条件,因此本文进一步对河南省冰雹日当日500 h Pa低槽低涡位置、地面冷锋位置、地面温度、露点温度、探空资料等进行分月统计,获得冰雹预报的判别指标。基于以上条件,引进中国科学院大气物理研究所研发的完全弹性三维冰雹云模式,依据河南省内及周边的共7个探空站资料制作河南省的区域客观预报。通过4个月的业务应用,发现利用micaps实时资料并结合三维冰雹云模式来预报河南省的冰雹天气,空报率较高,漏报率较低,提高了冰雹的预报时效,为重点防雹作业区争取到了充分的作业准备时间。     

线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法

提出一种线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法．首先，用近场波动数值模拟解耦技术求得在短时脉冲作用下采用Rayleigh阻尼系统的时域解；再对时域解进行富立叶变换得到相应频域解；然后根据阻尼与系统动力反应结果的关系，利用泰勒级数展开技术得到具有复阻尼系统的频域解．这一方法充分利用了时域解耦显式算法的优点，提高了线性土 结构动力相互作用分析的计算效率．      

联合TOPEX/Poseidon,ERS2和Geosat卫星测高资料确定中国近海重力异常

处理了 TOPEX/Poseidon(第 9周期至第 2 4 9周期 ) ,ERS2 (第 0周期至第 44周期 )和Geosat/GM(第 1周期至第 2 5周期 )以及 Geosat ERM(第 1周期至第 66周期 )卫星测高资料 ,求解了各自卫星任务的交叉点和垂线偏差 ,利用逆 Vening- Meinesz公式确定了 2 .5′×2 .5′中国近海海洋重力异常 ,并与我国南海船测重力异常作了比较 ,其精度为± 9.3m Gal( 1 Gal=1 cm/s2 )。本文同时导出了严密的 2维平面卷积公式 ,它与 1维严密卷积公式计算结果差值的标准差为± 0 .1 m Gal,而 2维球面公式为± 0 .5 m Gal     

注意力经济与发展气象信息产业

气象信息可以创造价值。人们对气象信息的拥有，可以直接或间接地创造经济效益，可以提高和改善人们的生活质量。气象部门要凭借全省气象业已有的四大媒体的优势，与省内有优势或潜力优势产品的大中型企业通力合作，促进气象业注意力经济快速发展。     

后处理差分GPS在南极格罗夫山中小比例尺地形图测图中的应用

针对极地地区恶劣的工作环境 ,本文提出了一种全新的极地测图方法差分GPS测图。通过中国第 1 6次南极科学考察格罗夫山考察的实践表明 ,后处理差分GPS配合以全站仪进行测图 ,速度快 ,省时省力 ,完全可以满足 1∶1万或更小比例尺成图的要求。不失为极地地区大批量地形数据采集的一种有效手段。     

寒潮期间高空波动与东亚急流的相互作用

本文分析了东亚寒潮爆发过程中,高空波动和高空急流的相互作用,得出如下结果:(1)高空波动的动量和热通量输送,使高空急流迅速加速并同时导致急流入口区质量环流的加强.(2)质量环流引起中高纬度对流层顶下沉并使高空锋区加强.(3)对流层顶下沉和高空锋区的加强促使平流层下层的气流沿对流层顶折叠处下伸进入对流层,造成对流层中、上部层结及位涡分布的改变.(4)位涡分布的改变制约了斜压波发展的能量源,致使高空波动减弱.     

STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING THE TRANSFORMATION OF COLD AIR OVER LAND AFTER OUTBREAK OF COLD WAVES IN EAST ASIA

Authors have studied the transformation processes of cold air over land in East Asia for eight cases which occurredin different months of 1981.First,the surface eddy sensible and latent heat fluxes,and drag coefficient were estimatedaccording to the approach of similarity theory.Then,the apparent heat source,the apparent moisture sink,and solarand long-wave radiative heating(or cooling)were further calculated through the budget method and physicalparameterization algorithm.It has been found that the cold air immediately starts the transformation process over landonce it moves away from its region of origin.In winter,the degree of transformation of cold air mass gradually intensi-fied as it travelled southeastward;while arriving in the ocean,the cold air mass underwent the most significant transfor-mation process.In summer,the most vigorous transformation of thermal and moisture fields was observed in NorthChina and Mongolian region,with much greater intensity than that in winter.