γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)与高岭石层间表面羟基的嫁接反应机理

采用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)对不同有序度高岭石的层间表面羟基进行嫁接反应。应用XRD、FTIR、热分析、元素分析等表征手段对产物进行分析。结果表明:高岭石经过二甲基亚砜(DMSO)预插层后,可与APTES反应得到嫁接产物。在相同反应温度下,由于不同有序度高岭石中的DMSO插层分子脱嵌速率不同,导致嫁接产物在嫁接程度上具有明显差异:有序度高,其嫁接程度高;反之,则嫁接程度低。     

Characteristics of telemagmatic metamorphism of the Ceshui Formation coal in Lianyuan coal basin

The Ceshui Formation coal is mostly anthracite and its metamorphism has been less documented.By analyzing systematically the reflectance of vitrinite and the results of X-ray diffraction of the Ceshui Formation cola in the Lianyuan coal basin,the spatial variation characteristics of coal ranks,coal metamorphic regions,the extension of coal metamorphic belts.coal metamorphic gradients,coal chemical structure and the effect on the degree of metamorphism of heat-production and -storge conditions,buried depth of the Indosinian-Yenshanian granites at the margins of the Lianyuan coal basin are discussed.The research results in conjunction of the features of regional hydrothermal alterations,endogenetic deposits with the Ceshui Formation coal measures,and the development of secondary vesicles indicate that the telemagmatic metamorphism is the main factor leading to the metamorphism of the Ceshui Formation coal in the region studied.     

酒西盆地、酒东盆地第三系磁性地层的划分与对比

本文运用磁性地层学理论和方法对酒西盆地、酒东盆地第三系进行了划分对比,部分修正了前人的划分方案,在此基础上对两盆地第三纪各时期沉降速率进行了估算和比较,并对它们的构造运动特征提出了见解。     

矿产资源潜力评价方法对比及其发展趋势探讨

矿产资源潜力评价是预测一个地区矿产资源找矿潜力的评价方法,先后经历3个阶段：探索和应用阶段、快速发展阶段及信息化阶段。笔者梳理了“三步式”、证据权、预测普查组合、成矿系列、地质异常、综合信息预测、地球化学块体和非线性预测等8种矿产资源潜力评价理论或方法,通过相关应用实例阐述其实用性,分析了国内外应用潜力评价方法获取的研究成果,总结其发展趋势。其中,“三步式”和证据权是目前使用较为广泛的方法,成矿系列则是国内研究的热点。随着科学技术的进步以及数学地质的不断发展,矿产资源潜力评价已步入信息化阶段,三维深部预测将是未来潜力评价重点发展方向。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

Investigation of solid waste soil as road construction material

The geotechnical properties of solid waste soils for use as sub-base materials in road construction were investigated. A series of field tests and laboratory tests were performed to assess the physical and mechanical properties of the solid waste soils sampled from a landfill site, near to a riverside, which had been reclaimed over the last two decades. The tests showed that geotechnical properties are clearly affected by the magnitude of organic matter content. As the organic matter content increases, the maximum dry unit weight, the shear strength and bearing capacity of ground decrease, while the void ratio and compressibility increase. If the organic matter content is more than about 8% in solid waste soils, it is not suitable for use as a sub-base material in road construction due to the significant decrease of shear strength and bearing capacity.     

混合气体驱替煤层气技术的可行性研究

气体驱替煤层气技术是近年来发展起来的具有温室气体减排和提高煤层气采收率双赢效果的新兴技术,相关研究受到世界主要发达国家的广泛重视。对于温室气体减排的压力,发达国家的研究主要着眼于该技术在高渗透、不可采煤层中的应用,注入气体主要为CO2,目的是尽可能多地封存CO2,同时提高煤层气采收率。目前,国内在这方面的研究刚刚起步。国内煤层具有渗透率普遍较低、不开采煤层与要开采煤层难以界定的特点,注CO2气体驱替煤层气在这种煤层中的可行性值得商榷。针对国内煤层特点和煤矿瓦斯抽采率低的现状,建议采用富N2混合气体驱替煤层气技术,以提高煤层气产采收率。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验研究分析了实施混合气体驱替煤层气技术的可行性。研究结果表明,混合气体驱替煤层气技术适用于国内低渗透、可开采煤层,可以提高煤层气采收率和单产量。     

深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力分析

针对强震区深厚覆盖层上高土石坝的特点,在三维真非线性有效应力地震反应分析基础上,提出了一套深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力的研究方法。从稳定、变形、防渗体安全等方面,对建在深厚覆盖层上的长河坝高心墙堆石坝的极限抗震能力进行了研究和分析。根据坝坡稳定性、地震残余变形、液化可能性、单元抗震安全性、防渗心墙及坝基防渗墙安全等多角度的评价结果,初步认为,长河坝的极限抗震能力为0.50～0.55g。     

柴北缘苦水泉金矿英云闪长岩和细粒闪长岩年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素及地质意义

苦水泉金矿床位于柴北缘构造带中段,是近年来新发现的金矿床。该矿床具有造山型金矿的特征,矿体沿断裂构造分布在英云闪长岩中,空间上与细粒闪长岩脉密切相关。本文对苦水泉金矿中的英云闪长岩和细粒闪长岩进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究。全岩地球化学分析显示,英云闪长岩具有富钠贫钾(Na₂O/K₂O=6.24～13.09)、高Sr低Y(Sr/Y=205～335)的埃达克岩的特征,与锡铁山榴辉岩中的埃达克质浅色脉体十分相似;细粒闪长岩富铝、钙、铁,贫镁,富集轻稀土(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),贫高场强元素(HFSEs),Ni、Co含量低,为典型的大陆下地壳来源的岩石。锆石U-Pb定年显示,英云闪长岩和细粒闪长岩分别形成于429.9±2.5Ma和428.0 ± 1.9Ma,Hf同位素分析显示英云闪长岩锆石ε_Hf(t)值为+9.8～+11.9,二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为613～747Ma,细粒闪长岩锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-31.4～-9.9,二阶段模式年龄(t