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61.
62.
63.
Carbon Storage in Terrestrial Ecosystems of China: Estimates at Different Spatial Resolutions and Their Responses to Climate Change 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
Jian Ni 《Climatic change》2001,49(3):339-358
The carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in China was estimated using acommon carbon density method for vegetation and soils relating to thevegetation types. Usingmedian density estimates, carbon storage of 35.23 Gt (1 Gt = 1015g) in biomass and119.76 Gt in soils with total of 154.99 Gt were calculated based on thebaseline distribution of37 vegetation types. Total carbon storage of the median estimates at differentspatial resolutionswas 153.43, 158.08 and 158.54 Gt, respectively, for the fine (10),median (20) and coarse (30)latitude × longitude grids. There were differences of –1.56, +3.09and +3.55 Gt carbon storagebetween baseline vegetation and those at different spatial resolutions. Changein mappingresolution would change area estimates and hence carbon storage estimates. Thefiner the spatialresolution in mapping vegetation, the closer the carbon storage to thebaseline estimation. Carbonstorage in vegetation and soils for baseline vegetation is quite similar tothat of biomes predictedby BIOME3 for the present climate and CO2 concentration of 340ppmv. Climate changealone as well as climate change with elevated CO2 concentrationwill produce an increasein carbon stored by vegetation and soils, especially a larger increase in thesoils. Total mediancarbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in China will increase by 5.09 Gt and15.91 Gt for theclimate scenario at CO2 concentration of 340 ppmv and 500 ppmv,respectively. This ismainly due to changes in vegetation areas and the effects of changes inclimate and CO2concentration. 相似文献
64.
倪培君 《CT理论与应用研究》2001,10(1):15
世界无损检测年会(WCNDT)是世界无损检测技术领域最高学术水平的盛会,它是由国际无损检测委员会(ICNDT)组织,每四年召开一次。第十五届世界无损检测年会于2000年10月15-21日在意大利的罗马召开,由意大利无损检测学会承办。意大利无损检测学会主席Nardoni先生担任本次会议的主席。参加会议的有来自世界50多个国家的一千多名无损检测界的代表。中国无损检测学会代表团由27人组成,来自国内的不同行业。此外国家技术监督局锅炉压力容器检测中心、清华大学、空军等单位也自行组团参加了会议。 10月16日,第十五届世界无损检测年会在… 相似文献
65.
Free cupric ion concentrations and Cu complexation in selected Swiss lakes and rivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hanbin Xue Andrea Oestreich David Kistler Laura Sigg 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1996,58(1):69-87
[Cu2+] and Cu complexation parameters in some selected freshwater systems in Switzerland were determined by the technique of ligand-exchange and DPCSV. Results from the water columns of some eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes are presented and compared to small acid lakes. Cu is strongly complexed by organic ligands which with very high stability constants at low concentrations are probably biologically produced, as indicated by the seasonal variations in the eutrophic lakes and by the relationship between Cu complexation and algal activity in the eutrophic (pCu=15–16), oligotrophic (pCu=13–14) and acidic (pCu=9–10) lakes. The extent of Cu complexation in river waters was generally lower than in the eutrophic lakes, at similar DOC levels. No obvious correlation between Cu complexation and DOC was observed, indicating that Cu complexing ligands are specific organic compounds. 相似文献
66.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. X. -Q. Yang Dr. Q. Xie Prof. Y. -Q. Ni Dr. S. -S. Huang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,61(3-4):153-186
Summary A coupled ocean-atmosphere anomaly model has been developed for simulating ENSO cycle and its mechanism-study in this paper. After a long model run, the coupled model is successful in demonstrating ENSO-like irregular interannual variability and corresponding horizontal spatial structures. Based on the simulated results, the dynamics and the thermodynamics of the model ENSO cycle have been investigated, and in particular the negative feedback mechanisms that act to oppose instability of air-sea interaction, inducing termination of warm and cold events, have been examined. A detailed analysis of the oceanic wave dynamical properties and heat budget of the SST changes in a representative cycle suggest that the negative feedback mechanism to check the unstable growth of a warm event obviously differs from that of a cold event. The mechanism that induces decay and termination of a cold event is closely related to the negative, delayed feedback effect produced by the oceanic dynamical wave reflection at the western boundary. However, independent of the wave reflection effect, the negative feedback mechanism by which the coupled system returns from a warm event is associated with a slowly eastward-propagating coupling mode. Accompanied with the strong unstable development of the equatorial positive SST anomaly, the anomalous upwelling of cold water generated off the equator and the nonlinear anomalous meridional advection generated in the equator west of instability area jointly restrain the instability and finally plunge the system from a mature warm phase into a weak cold phase. A comparison between the results from the present model and the previous works is also discussed in this paper.With 16 Figures 相似文献
67.
J. M. Popović Dr. S. Ničković M. B. Gavrilov 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,58(1-4):41-49
Summary Finite-difference analysis of Rossby modes has been performed for two staggered hexagonal grids. The solutions are compared with those obtained in analytical case and for rectangular grids. The result for one of the selected hexagonal grids better fits to the analytical solution then the results for the other considered grids. The obtained results may contribute to better understanding of the appropriateness of hexagonal grids in atmospheric and oceanographic modeling and numerical computations.With 6 Figures 相似文献
68.
A NUMERICAL STUDY FOR MECHANISM OF THE EFFECT OF NORTHERN SUMMER ARCTIC ICE COVER ON THE GLOBAL SHORTRANGE CLIMATE CHANGE 下载免费PDF全文
In terms of nine-layer global spectral model involving fuller parameterization of physical process,with arhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15,experiments are conducted by virtue of two numerical schemes,one withlong-range mean coverage of Arctic ice,and the other with supercooled water at the same temperature as the ice,fol-lowed by an analysis of the difference field simulated by the two schemes.Results show that(1)the impact of Arctic iceon the northern short-range climate is realized through the change in polar ice coverage to cause local temperaturechange in the polar region to set up gradient difference in temperature from north to south,thus affecting the atmospher-ic circulations and,on the other hand,two trains of two-dimensional Rossby waves excited by the atmospheric heatsource anomaly have impacts on the Northern Hemisphere(NH)extratropical region,one of which is similar to the JPteleconnection pattern first presented by Nitta(1987);(2)The significant impact of Arctic ice anomaly on the southernshort-range climate change is accomplished with the aid of the anomaly of the equatorial heat source that excites a two-dimensional Rossby wavetrain propagating along a great circle route into the Southern Hemisphere(SH)extratropics,and the cross-equatorial propagation of the NH wavetrain also has effects on the SH atmosphere.Simulation indicatesthat with the 15-day integration the Arctic ice exerts an influence mainly on the NH and when the model atmosphere isgetting stabilized,the effect is dominantly on the SH short-range climate change. 相似文献
69.
Using the data set of about 1 Hz Lg amplitudes from 80 stations in the six eastern provinces of China, the ratios of horizontal
to vertical amplitude of Lg waves,H/Z are determined. The mean lg(H/Z)-value is equal to 0.13. For the station bases of soft deposit,granite and sedimentary rock, lg(H/Z)-values average 0.55, 0.04 and 0.10, respectively. For the three kinds of station bases, the station terms of horizontal
amplitude,C
h
average 0.65, −0.09 and 0.00; that of vertical amplitude,C
z
average 0.32, −0.04 and 0.00, respectively. There are the relations betweenC
h
,C
z
and lg(H/Z):C
h
=0.01+2.10C
z
andC
h
=−0.15+1.46 lg(H/Z).
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 281–286, 1991.
Project sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
70.
Jiangchuan Ni Yuntai Chen Ming Wang Mingxi Wu Jiayu Zhou Peide Wang Francis T. Wu 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(3):459-467
Based on the three component accelerograms, recorded at near-field distance by a temporary seismic network consisting of digital
cassette tape recording accelerographs, the focal mechanisms of three aftershocks of the April 18, 1985, Luquan, Yunnan Province,
China, earthquake ofM
S=6.1, are calculated using seismic moment tensor inversion technique. The phases of direct P, S and converted SP waves in
the displacement seismograms, produced by twice integrations of the observed accelerograms, are identified via forward calculation
using Green’s functions for homogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium, and used in the inversion. The results of inversion
show that a better fit of synthetic to the observed seismograms of direct as well as converted phases can be achieved if appropriate
weighting functions are used in solving the over definite linear equations. While these aftershocks are of different magnitudes
(M
L=4.8, 3.2 and 3.5, respectively) and hypocentral locations, their focal mechanisms are very similar and consistent with that
of the main shock. This feature demonstrates the intrinsic correlation between the occurrence of aftershocks and the seismogenic
fault of main shock. Our experimentations show that using the near field accelerogram obtained from the digital seismic network
with appropriate azimuthal coverage on the focal sphere, with the aid of even simple medium model, not only the shear dislocation
source, but also the isotropic part and CLVD (compensated linear vector dipole) can be retrieved by the technique of moment
tensor inversion.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 412–419, 1991.
This work is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Sciences Foundation and the Western Yunnan Earthquake Prediction
Test Site (WYEPTS), State Seismological Bureau. 相似文献