可可西里盆地瘭生代沉积演化历史重建

青藏高原北部可可西里盆地是高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地，分布着厚度达5737.5m的新生代沉积。本文根据遍布整个盆地的野外实测剖面和地质观察点资料，采有典型剖面精确古地磁测年为基础的时间框架，开展沉积层序、岩笥特征、沉环境和古水流变化综合对比研究，将可可西里盆地新生代（约56Ma至约16Ma）划分为7个演化阶段，其中在30Ma至约23Ma期间盆地经历抬升变形，没有沉积作用发生。结果显示，前6个阶段（约56Ma至30Ma），盆地沉积中心逐渐向北、向东迁移，盆地南缘和西缘的构造逆冲作用逐步加强，而且在晚渐新世发生强烈南北向地壳缩短，反映青藏高原腹地早期隆升过程中依靠南北向地壳缩短和北东向逆冲扩展作用来实现的。在早中新世（约23Ma至约16Ma），盆地沉积物遭受低度变形，表明此期间高原以差异隆升为主。     

元素分析在古海水原始信息保存性研究中的应用

基于古生代海相碳酸盐岩经历了沉积、埋藏、成岩等过程,是否仍然保存了原始古海水的地球化学信息这一长期争论和未解决问题开展了研究与探讨。通过常量元素分析、微量元素和稀土元素分析等手段,对古生代海相碳酸盐岩和钙质泥页岩的ΣREE值、Y/Ho值、Er/Nd值、Mn/Sr值,以及δEu和REE与δCe的相关性等进行了进一步分析研究。结果表明,该地区碳酸盐岩和钙质泥页岩受陆源物质影响较小、成岩蚀变较弱,较好地保存了该时期古海水的原始信息。这为进一步多角度多方法进行不同时期古海水原始信息保存性的综合性研究提供了可靠基础和新的参考。     

贵州省岩溶区管道流及其水动力特征

管道流是岩溶地区特有的地貌水文现象,它是岩溶双重含水介质和二元结构典型表现,具有相当的特殊性和复杂性。本文从岩溶地貌和管道流的补给特征入手,阐述管道流的水动力特征,认为管道流水文特性是受管道结构、补给方式和路径所控制的。文中着重介绍利用流域上游地下水库进行水脉冲试验分析地下河系结构、管道分水比例以及水动力参数的方法和分析结论,这对深入研究岩溶管道流具一定的理论意义和实用价值。      

Research on the Suitability Evaluation of the Development and Utilization of Regional Selenium-rich Soil Resources and Spatial Zoning based on Niche Theory

Relying on the advantages of selenium-rich soil resources, the development of special selenium-rich agricultural industry is an effective measure to implement the rural revitalization strategy. This paper took Yuanzhou district as the research area, based on ecological niche theory, creatively determines the dominant and limiting factors of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization from three aspects of natural resources endowment, land use conditions and ecological protection, constructed the evaluation index system of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and ecological niche suitability index measurement model, and explored the suitability of regional selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and zoning. The research results show that: (1) The area suitable for exploitation of selenium-rich soil resources in the study area is 174658.4 ha, accounting for 68.83% of the total area, mainly distributed around Yuan River and in the central, northern, northwestern and northeastern areas of the study area. (2) Based on the evaluation results of the suitability of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and the development of related agricultural industries, the study area was divided into four functional zones of selenium-rich industrial development: core zone, key zone, development zone and radiation zone. The core zone and key zone are suitable for building selenium-rich agricultural industry demonstration area and selenium-rich products breeding production base, and the development zone and radiation zone can vigorously develop selenium-rich modern agriculture and selenium-rich recreation tourism, which will accelerate the development trend of multi-level and diversified selenium-rich industry in study area.This study can provide scientific, reasonable and feasible ideas and methods for the development and utilization of selenium-rich soil resources and the planning and development of selenium-rich industries in similar areas.     

离子电极法系统测定海洋环境中的氟

本文建立了一套系统测定海洋环境中氟的方法。该法在沉积物的分析中用控制溶液的pH值来排除干扰离子,在海水和间隙水中对氟的测定用两次加入法及使用微型计算机,从而避免了斜率误差与传统方法的烦琐计算。本法简便快速,取样量少,并具有良好的精确度,是海洋环境监测和氟的地球化学研究的有效手段。     

羌塘盆地中侏罗统砂糖状白云岩流体包裹体碳—氧同位素分析及白云岩成因机制讨论

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏带中侏罗统布曲组砂糖状白云岩储集层成因一直备受关注和争议。白云岩成因及其储层预测对于碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探具有重要意义,但是关于羌塘盆地布曲组白云岩的成因并没有一个相对统一的认识,争议核心聚焦在白云岩化流体性质。笔者等试图在包裹体测温和盐度分析的基础上,利用同位素分馏方程系统研究白云岩包裹体碳—氧同位素,探讨羌塘盆地侏罗系砂糖状白云岩白云岩化流体特征。研究表明白云岩白云石包裹体和灰岩方解石包裹体均一温度分布范围皆为50~220℃,但白云石的包裹体温度峰值分布区间明显要高于方解石的峰值温度,多数样品的温度集中在150℃到220℃区间;另外,与同层灰岩相比,白云岩具有明显的重碳同位素异常富集特征,该特征是高温流体交代石灰岩或者说是水岩反应的标志;此外,通过碳—氧同位素分馏方程计算出白云岩包裹体流体碳、氧同位素分别为-1. 30‰～1. 53‰和5. 81‰～12. 50‰,具有高盐度的卤水特征。综合包裹体温度、盐度,以及包裹体碳、氧同位素特征,本文认为羌塘盆地布曲组砂糖状白云岩是热液交代白云岩化产物。     

北京相当暴雨日数的气候特征

根据北京99年6～8月的逐日降水资料和274年6～8月总降水量资料， 分析了相当暴雨日数与总降水量及旱涝等级的相关性，给出相当暴雨日数与总降 水量的定量关系式，建立了北京274年汛期相当暴雨日数资料序列。分析表明: 相当暴雨日数概念的引入，可以把汛期总降水量中暴雨过程降水与非暴雨过程降 水分开，证实汛期旱涝变化只取决于暴雨过程的总次数和强度；相当暴雨日数是 一个气候统计量，有与总降水量一致的周期变化，但其年际变率和3.5年周期比 总降水量更显著，其概率分布满足泊松分布；与旱涝等级比较，相当暴雨日数与 总降水量的相关性更好，且有利于研究形成汛期旱涝灾害的暴雨过程特征。     

水电站库区地壳形变流动监测网络布设探索与实践

针对金沙江下游梯级水电站地壳形变流动监测网络建设项目,分析了地壳形变流动监测在水库地震监测中的设计思路与布设原则,并就金沙江水电站溪洛渡和向家坝水库介绍了3类监测网布设情况,对两水库蓄水前监测资料进行了初步分析,旨在对大型水库建设及水库地震的综合监测起到参考与借鉴作用。     

泥岩地基中钻孔灌注桩承载力特性动静载试验研究

依据西宁地区某工程3根大直径钻孔灌注桩的单桩竖向抗压静载试验和高应变动力测试结果,通过分析研究,表明在条件适合的情况下两种方法的检测结果基本上是相符合的,但由于两者的测试原理、分析方法等方面存在差异,使其检测结果又存在各自的不同特点。证明了在同一工程中采用动、静试验能够使检测结果相互印证,相互补充。结合两种方法的检\n测结果,揭示了该地区泥岩地基中中长钻孔灌注桩的承载力特性、破坏模式等承载性状。对西北地区泥岩地基中钻孔灌注桩的设计、施工和深人研究具有指导意义,对西部大开发具有重大的现实意义。     

Calcareous Nannofossils and Molecular Fossils in Cobalt-rich Crusts and their Response to the P/E Global Event

A biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils from the CM3D06 Co-rich ferromanganese crust from the Magellan seamounts in the northwestern Pacific enabled estimation of depositional age.The bio-imprinting of calcareous nannofossils and other fossil species suggests six age ranges for the nannofossils: late Cretaceous,late Paleocene,(early,middle,late) Eocene,middle Miocene,late Pliocene,and Pleistocene.Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were used to test the Co-rich crusts,and a variety of molecular fossils were detected,such as chloroform bituminous "A",n-alkane,isoprenoid and sterol.Peak carbon and molecular indices(such as ΣC23 /ΣC24 +,CPI,Pr/Ph,Pr/nC17,Ph/nC18 and δ13C) indicate that the parent organic matter is dominated by marine phytoplankton and thallogen whereas there is little input of terrestrial organic matter.Researches on calcareous nannofossils,molecular fossils and molecular organic geochemistry data reveal that the Paleocene/Eocene(P/E) global event is recorded in the cobaltrich crusts from the northwestern Pacific Ocean.A succession of biomes can be observed near the 85 mm boundary(about 55 Ma),i.e.,the disappearance of the late Cretaceous Watznaueria barnesae and Zigodicus spiralis,and Broisonia parka microbiotas above the P/E boundary,and the bloom of Coccolithus formosus,Discoaster multiradiatus,Discoaster mohleri and Discoaster sp.below the boundary.Typical parameters of molecular fossils,such as saturated hydrocarbon components and carbon-number maxima,Pr/Ph,Pr/C17,Ph/C18,distribution types of sterols,Ts/Tm ratios and bacterial hopane,also exhibit dramatic changes near the P/E boundary.These integrated results illustrate that the biome succession of calcareous nannofossils,relative content of molecular fossils and molecular indices in the cobalt-rich crusts near the 85 mm boundary faithfully record the P/E global event.