MIS3阶段以来沙漠/黄土过渡区植被演替及其对气候变化的响应

选择沙漠/黄土过渡带姬塬、和林格尔两个地点的黄土-古土壤剖面开展较高分辨率花粉记录研究,重建MIS 3以来植被演替及其对气候变化的响应.黄土高原北部MIS 3阶段以来植被经历了4个主要阶段:MIS 3阶段早-中期气候较温湿,植被为疏林草原类型;MIS 3晚期-末次盛冰期为荒漠草原植被类型;末次冰消期为干草原植被类型;全...     

高有机质输入对底栖有孔虫的抑制作用——以西北太平洋菲律宾海MD06-3054孔为例

底栖有孔虫古生产力指标-底栖有孔虫堆积速率(Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate,简称BFAR)和小泡虫超科的Uvigerina与Bulimina两属在种群中的百分含量(简称"U+B含量")是目前古海洋学研究的常用方法.然而,从MD06-3054孔的记录中发现,两指标与有机质输入之间不仅不存在很好的线性关系.而且当有机质输入大于阀值时,两指标均随沉积物中总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,简称TOC)含量的增加而明显地降低,说明过高有机质的输入还会抑制底栖有孔虫的生长和繁盛.另外,还发现当TOC含量较高时,U+B含量指标较BFAR指标相对更适用.     

日照市城乡建设用地增减挂钩项目数据管理初探

当前,各级政府和国土资源管理部门高度重视城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作,实现挂钩项目的科学高效管理尤为重要。为此,日照市积极探索使用计算机进行项目管理,并作了一些有益的探索。     

Groundwater parameter estimation using the ensemble Kalman filter with localization

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), an efficient data assimilation method showing advantages in many numerical experiments, is deficient when used in approximating covariance from an ensemble of small size. Implicit localization is used to add distance-related weight to covariance and filter spurious correlations which weaken the EnKF??s capability to estimate uncertainty correctly. The effect of this kind of localization is studied in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) synthetic cases. It is found that EnKF with localization can capture reliably both the mean and variance of the hydraulic conductivity field with higher efficiency; it can also greatly stabilize the assimilation process as a small-size ensemble is used. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to explore the effect of localization function format and filter lengths. It is suggested that too long or too short filter lengths will prevent implicit localization from modifying the covariance appropriately. Steep localization functions will greatly disturb local dynamics like the 0-1 function even if the function is continuous; four relatively gentle localization functions succeed in avoiding obvious disturbance to the system and improve estimation. As the degree of localization of the L function increases, the parameter sensitivity becomes weak, making parameter selection easier, but more information may be lost in the assimilation process.     

广西大厂锡多金属矿田东岩墙地质地球化学特征及其控矿作用

广西大厂锡多金属矿床的形成与花岗岩关系密切,其中,花岗斑岩呈岩墙状产出,称为"东岩墙",主要分布于西矿带的铜坑—长坡锡矿(大厂锡矿主体矿山)的东侧。通过野外调研和室内岩石学分析表明,"东岩墙"不是单一的花岗斑岩岩墙,而是由近于南北向断裂破碎带的花岗斑岩岩墙、闪长玢岩岩墙和次玄武岩岩墙组成的多期次构造岩浆带。通过岩石化学分析认为,构成该岩墙的岩石属钙碱性-碱性岩浆系列,形成于岛弧及活动大陆边缘环境。"东岩墙"是一条导岩、导矿构造和贯穿大厂矿田的地质界线,其对两侧的矿床分布、矿化强度、矿床类型有明显控制作用。     

阜新盆地王营矿区煤系沉积环境及聚煤特征

运用沉积学和煤地质学原理,通过对王营矿区岩石的结构、古生物化石、垂向层序和沉积断面特征等方面的综合分析,从煤系中识别出湖泊相、扇三角洲相、冲积扇相、河流相和沼泽相。认为矿区东南部阜新组高德段沉积期主要为萎缩的湖泊-扇三角洲环境;阜新组高德段主采煤层由湖泊淤浅泥炭沼泽化形成,其他各段主采煤层形成于网结河周期性衰退或消亡阶段的冲积扇前泥炭沼泽,一些不稳定的薄煤层及煤线则为湖滨或网结河湿地中局部的泥炭沼泽产物;泥炭沼泽的发育面积与同时期冲积扇的发育程度呈消长关系。     

Redox conditions in sediments and during sedimentation in the Ontong Java Plateau, west equatorial Pacific

Redox-sensitive elements in sediments, such as manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), and uranium (U), are promising indicators of past redox conditions during sedimentation and early diagenesis. However, in the Ontong Java Plateau, west equatorial Pacific, there are sparse datasets of redox-sensitive elements in sediment cores. Here, we present a 250 ka record of redox sensitive elements from a 460 cm gravity core at site WP7 (3°56′S, 156°E, water depth 1 800 m), which was recovered from the southwest Ontong Java Plateau during the 1993 cruise of R/V Science I of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS). Relative to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), authigenic Mn, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), Mo, V, U, and cadmium (Cd) were found at constantly low levels except when peaks occurred at several depth intervals. Manganese, Co, Ni, and Mo concentrations were elevated at 25-35 cm due to Mn redox cycling. The core was divided into three distinct sections, the top 0-25 cm being oxic, a suboxic section at 25-35 cm and from 35-460 cm which was anoxic. Differential authigenic enrichments of Co, Ni, Mo, V, U, and Cd at the same depth intervals were observed indicating that the enrichments happened during sedimentation or diagenesis and suffered no post settlement redox changes. Therefore, no significant changes in redox conditions during sedimentation must have happened. The water at depth on the Ontong Java Plateau during past 250 ka must have been well oxygenated, possibly resulted from the more or less continuous presence of oxygen-rich deep water like the modern Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Antarctic Circumpolar Water (ACW); while it’s slightly less oxygenated in glacial intervals, possibly due to ventilation weakening and/or the surface productivity increase.     

我国测绘卫星现状与发展思考

测绘是卫星遥感应用的重要领域,纵观国内外测绘卫星事业,我国还与国际先进水平存在一定差距,整个卫星测绘产业体系有待发展和提高。资源三号卫星作为我国首颗民用立体测绘卫星对我国卫星测绘事业发展具有重大意义,国家测绘局编制的《测绘部门十二五航天规划(草案)》,详细论述了我国民用测绘卫星的发展规划。我国正处于测绘卫星及其应用发展的黄金机遇期,国家测绘局经多年研究开发,正在积极推动我国测绘卫星遥感事业的飞速发展,努力探索适合我国国情的自主研发道路,推动卫星测绘事业不断前进,为国民经济发展提供精确、及时、可靠的地理信息和测绘高新技术服务。     

90后大学生素质教育的现实路径

培养高素质的一代新人,是新时期大学教育的目标追求。针对90后大学生的特点,系统分析和探讨了90后大学生素质教育的现实路径:创新政治教育,培育科学信仰;注重能力训练,提升专业素质;坚持多措并举,培养健康身心;落实学以致用,强化实践能力。唯如此,才能造就新一代合格的接班人。     

SRES A2和B2情景下宁夏可利用降水资源的变化

 利用1961─2008年宁夏气温、降水资料,计算水资源各分量,并结合PRECIS模式模拟结果,对气候基准时段（1961─1990年）和1991─2008年各量的模拟值和观测值进行对比检验,并着重分析了SRES A2和B2情景下21世纪各量的变化。对比检验结果表明,虽然量值上有一定的模拟偏差,但模式对各量的基本气候态和局地特征模拟的较为准确。各量的变化表明,21世纪宁夏区域年平均蒸发增加趋势较降水更明显,可利用降水的减少主要来自于夏季南部山区;与气候基准时段相比,夏季可利用降水的增加主要在21世纪前半叶,引黄灌区增幅最大达120%左右,21世纪后半叶南部山区减少最明显为20%~60%;相较2011—2040年,2070—2100年夏季可利用降水呈全域性减少;温室气体含量的变化没有改变各量的分布型,但对量级的影响较大,且可利用降水的变化远大于降水的变化;A2情景下各量的变化较B2情景更明显。随着温室气体排放量的持续增加宁夏水资源短缺的状况将进一步加剧,尤其是南部山区。