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61.
62.
汶川地震山地灾害遥感快速提取及其分布特点分析 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
针对泥石流滑坡灾害体特有的物质组成与活动特点,通过比较分析其在不同遥感影像的光谱特征差异,选择ETM+影像作为主要数据源,提取湿度指数与绿度指数,利用ETM+的穗帽变换、影像差值增强、密度分割和掩膜技术建立了泥石流滑坡山地灾害快速提取模型,并用于汶川地震.通过灾害体的提取,分析了本次地震山地次生灾害的分布规律,利用空间叠加进行了成因的分析.本次地震山地灾害具有如下特点:(1)沿主要地表破裂带分布;(2)山地灾害主要出现在8度-9度地震烈度区,随着烈度的降低,山地灾害的总面积也相应的减少;(3)山地灾害主要发生在海拔高度1000-2500m的地带;(4)主要发生在坡度20°-50°之间的边坡上;(5)地震及余震期间以崩塌滑坡滚石为主,后期以泥石流滑坡为主;(6)具有河流左右两岸呈不对称分布等特点.结果表明,利用ETM+影像建立基于湿度指数与绿度指数的快速提取模型,对于大规模泥石流滑坡提取效果较好,进行大区域山地灾害的遥感快速提取是可行的. 相似文献
63.
雾水的D和18O同位素研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
凝结水的D、18O同位素研究目前主要集中在雾水方面,露水和土壤吸附水的相关研究仍属空白。由于形成时的温度较高,大多数雾水的D、18O同位素较当地雨水富集,但不同类型雾的同位素特征存在差异。平流式海洋雾为单级的蒸发—冷凝封闭循环系统的首次凝结,D、18O同位素较当地雨水显著富集;热带云雾林中的地形雾与降雨同时发生,且水分源于同一云团,δD、δ18O值差异较小;内陆辐射雾因部分水汽源于当地水分的再循环,过量氘和δD、δ18O值高于降雨。目前有少量研究用D、18O同位素指示雾水对植被、地下水和地表径流的补给作用,但以定性分析为主,基于端元混合模型的定量评价极少。露水和土壤吸附水的稳定同位素研究是干旱区凝结水研究的重要方向;D、18O同位素与其它同位素或化学指标的结合有助于促进凝结水生态水文效应的研究进展;短间隔、高密度的长期观测和用于稳定同位素分析的凝结水采样器的设计是需要进一步开展的工作。 相似文献
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Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to "tune-in" bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds. 相似文献
67.
Treatment with metallic copper for the removal of elemental sulfur from bitumen extracted from sedimentary rocks or petroleum is the most widely used method. Little attention has been paid, however, to its disadvantages. It was observed that copper can interact with some polar organic substances during conventional sulfur removal, which can strongly influence the quantitative and qualitative determination of bitumen, as has been confirmed by interaction of long-chain fatty acids with copper. The copper soap generated was analyzed by element analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), thermal analysis (TG-DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FFIR). Mechanism of the interaction was investigated and elucidated. Our experimental results would necessitate improvement of the present method for sulfur removal and/or a search for a new one. 相似文献
68.
Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Paleomagnetic Chronology of the Zanda Basin, Tibet, and Records of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MENG Xiangang ZHU Dagang SHAO Zhaogang YANG Chaobin HAN Jianen YU Ji MENG Qingwei LU Rongping 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):63-72
The characteristics of Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift of the southern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau may be inferred from fluvio-lacustrine strata in the Zanda basin, Ngari, Tibet. Magnetostratigraphic study shows that the very thick fluvio-lacustrine strata in the basin are 5.89- 0.78 Ma old and that their deposition persisted for 5.11 Ma, i.e. starting at the end of the Miocene and ending at the end of the early Pleistocene, with the Quaternary glacial stage starting in the area no later than 1.58 Ma. Analysis of the sedimentary environment indicates that the Zanda basin on the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau began uplift at -5.89 Ma, later than the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Presence of gravel beds in the Guge and Qangze Formations reflects that strong uplift took place at -5.15 and -2.71 Ma, with the uplift peaking at -2.71 Ma. 相似文献
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通过对粤东地区地层和岩石中成矿元素含量和区域地质背景的分析,认为粤东地区铜铅-锌-银成矿作用与燕山期的构造-岩浆作用关系密切,成矿物质中银-铜-锌以下地壳来源为主,铅则以上地壳及沉积地层来源为主。 相似文献