转折性天气降水预报检验方法及应用

采用转折性天气降水检验评估方法,从转折天气预报能力的角度评价了模式降水预报能力。对全球中期T213、日本和德国数值预报模式在2006年9月至2008年8月的降水预报检验评估分析表明:转折天气降水预报能力检验是目前降水检验方法的有效补充。3种模式的转折天气降水预报能力随着预报时效的延长,存在逐渐递减的趋势;短期预报能力分析,T213和日本模式春季最好,而德国模式是夏季最好;48h预报分析,T213和日本模式在长江中下游、华北及东北等部分地区、德国模式在四川盆地和华南部分地区预报效果较好。     

基于实际灾情的青海高原雪灾等级（评估）指标研究

利用1951—2008年青海高原雪灾实际灾情资料,通过统计计算各年份雪灾造成的牲畜死亡率,并进行排序,参照了计算SPI(标准化降水指数)不同等级干旱在全部干旱中所占比例的过程,确定了不同雪灾等级的阈值,制订了基于实际灾情的雪灾指标。并对几次典型雪灾过程进行评估检验,结果表明:本研究确定的雪灾等级与DB63雪灾标准基本一致。在青海高原牧区,用雪灾造成的实际牲畜死亡率来确定雪灾等级指标,评估雪灾受灾程度,是一种较为科学和具有很好的现实指导意义的新方法。     

INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。     

Fog Detection over China’s Adjacent Sea Area by using the MTSAT Geostationary Satellite Data

A fog threshold method for the detection of sea fog from Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT1R) infrared (IR) channel data is presented.This method uses principle component analysis (PCA),texture analysis,and threshold detection to extract sea fog information.A heavy sea fog episode that occurred over China’s adjacent sea area during 7 8 April 2008 was detected,indicating that the fog threshold method can effectively detect sea fog areas nearly 24 hours a day.MTSAT-1R data from March 2006,June 2007,and April 2008 were processed using the fog threshold method,and sea fog coverage information was compared with the meteorological observation report data from ships.The hit rate,miss rate,and false alarm rate of sea fog detection were 66.1%,27.3%,and 33.9%,respectively.The results show that the fog threshold method can detect the formation,evolution,and dissipation of sea fog events over period of time and that the method has superior temporal and spatial resolution relative to conventional ship observations.In addition,through MTSAT-1R data processing and a statistical analysis of sea fog coverage information for the period from 2006 to 2009,the monthly mean sea fog day frequency,spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of sea fog over China’s adjacent sea area were obtained.     

Estimation of the Distribution of Global Anthropogenic Heat Flux

The radiance lights data in 2006 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) and authoritative energy data distributed by the United State Energy Information Administration were applied to estimate the global distribution of anthropogenic heat flux.A strong linear relationship was found to exist between the anthropogenic heat flux and the DMSP/OLS radiance data.On a global scale,the average value of anthropogenic heat flux is approximately 0.03 W m 2 and 0.10 W m 2 for global land area.The results indicate that global anthropogenic heat flux was geographically concentrated and distributed,fundamentally correlating to the economical activities.The anthropogenic heat flux concentrated in the economically developed areas including East Asia,Europe,and eastern North America.The anthropogenic heat flux in the concentrated regions,including the northeastern United States,Central Europe,United Kingdom,Japan,India,and East and South China is much larger than global average level,reaching a large enough value that could affect regional climate.In the center of the concentrated area,the anthropogenic heat flux density may exceed 100 W m 2,according to the results of the model.In developing areas,including South America,Central and North China,India,East Europe,and Middle East,the anthropogenic heat flux can reach a level of more than 10 W m 2 ;however,the anthropogenic heat flux in a vast area,including Africa,Central and North Asia,and South America,is low.With the development of global economy and urban agglomerations,the effect on climate of anthropogenic heat is essential for the research of climate change.     

基于WebGIS的城市建设工程监管系统设计与实现

文章介绍了基于WebGIS的建设工程监管系统的技术架构、网络结构、关键技术和主要功能模块。系统实现了建设工程监管的可视化,旨在为提高城市建设工程的监管水平提供科学、准确、综合的信息支持。     

3维直角坐标系直接转换算法的研究与实现

测绘工作中经常碰到3维直角坐标系的3维转换问题,本文通过简单的几何平移旋转缩放算法,对3维十六参数的直角坐标系变换,进行了理论描述和几何证明以及数据验证。     

全球电离层时空变化特性分析

采用谱分析和小波分解的方法对全球电离层VTEC量的时空变化特性进行了分析。使用IGS中心发布的全球电离层网格图数据,分别从高中低纬度全年变化特性、南北半球全年变化特性、全球范围内随经纬度的变化特性对电离层VTEC进行了分析。结果表明,高中低纬度地区VTEC量具有周日和半周年变化现象,在二分点处存在峰值,南半球电离层较北半球电离层活跃,经度变化对VTEC值的影响较纬度变化大,总体上,太阳辐射是电离层活动的主要影响因素。