How does resilience matter? An empirical verification of the relationships between resilience and vulnerability

Natural Hazards - The theoretical relationships between resilience and vulnerability have long been debated, but limited research has been done to test their relationships from an empirical...     

陈家岭钒矿选矿工艺试验

采用钙法氧化焙烧——酸浸的方法从钒矿石中浸出钒,克服了钠化焙烧过程中产生的H2S、Cl2,实验了矿石物料粒度、氧化钙添加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、漫出温度、浸出时间、酸的浓度、浸出液固比对浸出率的影响,获得了88％的浸出率。实验表明,焙烧温度、酸的浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、液固比是影响钒浸出率的重要因素。     

Regional differences in the relationship between climatic factors,vegetation, land surface conditions,and dust weather in China’s Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region

This paper analyzes the regional differences in dust weather and its relationship with climatic factors and vegetation cover, using data at 27 observation stations in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region from 1960 to 2007. There was a decreasing trend in dust weather in the southeast, which was correlated with wind and temperature. In contrast, in the northwest, the number of dusty days did not decrease and was significantly correlated with precipitation and vegetation cover. These results suggest that, in addition to the climate and underlying conditions, physical geographic conditions also influenced the frequency of dust weather.     

河南省泌阳县贾楼乡陡岸村泥石流灾害及其防治

通过对当地地形地貌、暴雨特征、流域面积、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、泥石流物源的调查与分析研究,针对该泥石流具有危险度高、流量大、流速缓的特点,结合受灾对象及其分布区域与整体布局和局部治理的关系,按照防治结合、因地制宜、突出重点的原则设置了拦挡滞洪、导流防护、漫水路相结合的综合防治工程措施。拦挡工程为有效发挥工程泻洪、拦渣、调节、固床、稳坡和控制固体物质补给量,预防沟道下切及沟壑发展,减少泥石流对下游村庄危害,起到了积极作用;通过导流堤的建筑限制泥石流的流速、流向,将泥石流顺畅地通过受灾对象比较集中的区域,排入下游非危害区;漫水路为当地群众出行提供方便,又是应急通道。工程实施后综合效益明显。     

山东莱芜盆地碳酸盐岩热液溶蚀特征及水文地质意义

鲁中山区莱芜盆地在燕山期发生大规模岩浆侵入活动,岩浆岩体外围碳酸盐岩区分布有水源地、富水块段等岩溶发育富水区,且靠近岩体含水层多发生大理岩化。富含CO₂、H₂S等酸性成分的岩浆热液流体,能对碳酸盐岩产生明显的溶蚀作用。基于岩石样品化学组分分析、水文地质调查及数据统计分析、热液溶蚀地质点详细观测,构建热液溶蚀模式,对莱芜盆地及外围热液溶蚀特征及机理进行研究。结果表明:高温高压岩浆侵入使得接触带碳酸盐岩发生热液变质大理岩化;沿渗透性断裂、裂缝以及不整合面等运移的热液流体,对碳酸盐岩地层产生酸性热液溶蚀和混合溶蚀作用,形成不同规模溶蚀孔洞,构成地下水富集空间,为寻找城镇地下水后备水源地提供新方向。     

小极距高密度电法在城镇供水管漏水检测中的应用

城市地下供水管破损漏水检测,一般使用听音工具和设备来进行,这种需要漏水点传出声音的检测方式,效果往往并不理想。使用一种新的检测方法,无需利用声音,而是通过供水管漏水造成地层电性变化这一特征,使用小极距高密度电法查明管道漏水点位置。该检测方式不仅解决了常规方法难以查明的供水管漏水问题,而且拓展了小极距高密度电法的应用空间。     

闽西北云母石英片岩残积土工程地质特征研究

闽西北变质岩地层分布广泛,岩石受物理化学风化作用影响而形成的残积土,对其工程地质特征的系统研究甚少。通过武夷新区的水工环调查、样品的分析测试,对元古界麻源群大金山组变质成因的石英云母片岩残积土的定名、工程地质特性进行了探讨。     

利用X射线粉晶衍射和电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究江西西华山钨矿床中黑钨矿的矿物学特征及指示意义

目前针对江西大型黑钨矿石英脉型钨矿床西华山的黑钨矿矿物学特征及指示意义研究较少。本文利用X射线粉晶衍射分析和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析技术对黑钨矿晶体结构、化学成分特征及空间变化规律开展研究。获得黑钨矿晶胞参数为a0=0.477 nm,b0=0.573 nm,c0=0.498 nm,β=90°21',属于锰钨铁矿,与前人得出的黑钨矿晶胞参数略有不同,代表不同元素对铁锰的类质同象替代。主要化学成分WO3、Fe O、Mn O的含量在空间上具有一定的变化规律,反映了成矿物质的运移特征。微量元素Sc、Y、Nb、Ta在垂向含量变化大,说明矿液运移具有复杂性。稀土总量ΣREEs较高(397.16×10-6~1071.11×10-6),具有强烈的Eu负异常,具重稀土富集左倾的"躺椅式"球粒陨石标准化配分模式。将西华山、盘古山、淘锡坑、大吉山4个典型矿床的黑钨矿稀土元素特征进行对比,反映产在花岗岩内接触带的黑钨矿的稀土总量(ΣREEs)相对最高,分馏最明显;产在花岗岩内及其外接触带的黑钨矿的稀土总量(ΣREEs)相对较低,分馏程度最不明显;而产在花岗岩外接触带的黑钨矿的稀土总量(ΣREEs)有高有低,分馏程度有强有弱。因此,黑钨矿的化学成分变化特征,可以有效地指示成矿物质空间运移特征、物质来源和矿床成因。     

快速失水下5种喀斯特植物离体叶片叶绿素荧光的响应

文章设置饱水及随后失水处理自然生长的5种喀斯特植物叶片,测定其叶绿素荧光参数,分析各植物光合过程的响应特征。结果显示：盐肤木（Rhus chinensis）PSII反应中心活性及电子传递受严重失水影响,而其稳定的光能转化及光化学效率得益于叶绿素浓度的不断增加;构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）和金银花（Lonicera japonica）的叶绿素浓度逐渐升高随后趋于稳定,构树PSII反应中心对失水敏感,其活性及光能转化对随后持续失水逐渐适应。金银花光合结构及PSII反应中心表现稳定;火棘（Pyracantha fortuneana）叶绿素浓度从第4小时开始增加,光合结构趋于稳定,电子传递速率及光能转化逐渐增加;杨梅（Myrica rubra）电子传递速率及光化学效率均较低。     

Polycrystalline calcite to aragonite transformation kinetics: experiments in synthetic systems

The kinetics of the calcite to aragonite transformation have been investigated using synthetic polycrystalline calcite aggregates, with and without additional minerals present. The reaction progresses as a function of time were measured at four temperature/pressure conditions: (1) 550 °C/1.86 GPa; (2) 600 °C/2.11 GPa; (3) 650 °C/2.11 GPa, and (4) 700 °C/2.29 GPa. Experiments reveal that Mg-calcite and Fe-calcite transforms to aragonite at considerably slower rates than pure calcite, and that Sr-bearing calcite and calcite + quartz aggregates transform at significantly higher rates than pure calcite. The reaction progresses vs. time data for pure calcite were fitted to Cahns grain-boundary nucleation and interface-controlled growth model. Evidence for interface-controlled growth is provided by petrographic observations of grain boundaries. The activation energy for aragonite growth from the synthetic polycrystalline calcite determined in this study is significantly lower than that previously determined from a natural marble. The discrepancy in rates and activation energy may be attributed to the nature of grain boundaries, to deformational strain or the presence of impurities in the studied samples, and likely to uncertainties in experimental conditions. The results of this study imply that the variation of local petrologic conditions, in addition to temperature, pressure and grain size, may play an important role in determining the rates for the calcite to aragonite transformation in nature.Editorial responsibility: W. Schreyer