Optimum combination of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection in coal-accumulated basin of North China

The conflict among water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection is getting more and more serious due to the irrational drainage and exploitation of ground water resources in coal-accumulated basins of North China. Efficient solutions to the conflict are to maintain long-term dynamic balance between input and output of the ground water basins, and to try to improve resourcification of the mine water. All solutions must guarantee the eco-environment quality. This paper presents a new idea of optimum combination of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection so as to solve the problem of unstable mine water supply, which is caused by the changeable water drainage for the whole combination system. Both the management of hydraulic techniques and constraints in economy, society, ecology, environment, industrial structural adjustments and sustainable developments have been taken into account. Since the traditional and separate management of different departments of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection is broken up, these departments work together to avoid repeated geological survey and specific evaluation calculations so that large amount of national investment can be saved and precise calculation for the whole system can be obtained. In the light of the conflict of water drainage, water supply and eco-environment protection in a typical sector in Jiaozuo coal mine, a case study puts forward an optimum combination scheme, in which a maximum economic benefit objective is constrained by multiple factors. The scheme provides a very important scientific base for finding a sustainable development strategy.     

正冻土中冰透镜体形成力学判据的分析讨论

冻结缘是正冻土中从未冻区向冻结区过渡、并且非常薄的冰水共存带. 由于冻结缘在正冻土中位置的特殊性和其对冻胀的重要性, 从其概念的提出并在试验中得到证实后, 基于冻结缘的第二冻胀理论得到了快速发展. 通过分析近些年冻结缘的研究现状及冻结缘内冰-水压力关系基本可以发现, 由于受到现有观测和测试技术的限制, 描述冻结缘的很多参数大多来自于经验. 土体在冻结过程中, 在温度梯度小的情况下, 可以形成不连续的多层分凝冰. 只有了解冻结缘的特性才能更深刻了解分凝冻胀. 但关于分凝冰的形成判据却有很多种, 主要分为两类:一类是以热物理方面作为判据; 另一类是以力学方面作为判据. 通过对分凝冰形成的各种判据的综合分析和比较, 发现用冰压力和未冻水膜压力判断分凝冰形成是比较合理的, 而用孔隙压力则因为水压力概念的不清而显得模糊. 这些分析将为冻土冻胀理论的研究提供科学参考.     

The impact of COVID-19 on China’s regional economies and industries

Scientifically assessing the economic impact of major public health emergencies,containing their negative effects,and enhancing the resilience of an economy are important national strategic needs.The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has,to date,been effectively contained in China,but the threat of imported cases and local risks still exist.The systematic identification of the virus's path of influence and intensity is significant for economic recovery.This study is based on a refined multi-regional general equilibrium analysis model,which measures the economic and industrial impacts at different epidemic risk levels in China and simulates development trends and the degree of damage to industries and the economy under changes to supplies of production materials and product demand.The results show that,at the macroeconomic level,China's GDP will decline about 0.4％ to 0.8％ compared to normal in 2020,with an average drop of about 2％ in short-term consumption,an average drop in employment of about 0.7％,and an average increase in prices of about 0.9％.At the industry level,the epidemic will have the greatest short-term impact on consumer and laborintensive industries.For example,the output value of the service industry will fall 6.3％ compared to normal.Looking at the impact of the epidemic on the industrial system,the province most affected by the epidemic is Hubei,which is the only province in China in the level-1 risk category.As the disease spread outward from Hubei,there were clear differences in the main industries that were impacted in different regions.In addition,simulation results of recovery intensity of regional economies under the two epidemic response scenarios of resumption of work and production and active fiscal stimulus policies show that an increase in fiscal stimulus policies produces a 0.3％ higher rate of gross regional product growth but it causes commodity prices to rise by about 1.8％.Measures to resume work and production offer a wider scope for industrial recovery.     

太湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系

2012年3月至2013年2月逐月对太湖水体叶绿素a含量、主要环境因子及不同门类浮游植物密度进行测定,分析太湖叶绿素a含量和不同门类浮游植物密度的时空分布特征,探讨太湖叶绿素a含量和环境因子与不同门类浮游植物密度之间的相关关系并建立逐步回归方程.结果表明:太湖叶绿素a含量全年平均值为22.33±37.65 mg/m³,变幅为0.48~347.85 mg/m³;叶绿素a含量随季节变化明显,夏季最高、秋冬季次之、春季最低;在空间分布上,太湖北部和西北部最高,东部和南部最低.蓝藻门、隐藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门密度随时间呈峰型变化,均在10月份达到最大值,黄藻门、金藻门和裸藻门密度的变化趋势呈"V"型,在春、冬两季出现较大值;不同门类浮游植物密度基本在西北区出现最大值.全湖叶绿素a含量的显著影响因子有总有机碳、亚硝态氮、溶解氧、pH、水温和磷酸盐;lg(Y_Chl.a)与lg(X_TN)呈显著负相关,与lg(X_TP)呈极显著正相关,与lg(X_N/P)呈极显著负相关.太湖叶绿素a含量与蓝藻门、隐藻门、裸藻门与甲藻门密度有显著相关关系.     

太湖不同富营养水平湖区轮虫季节变化的比较

2003年10月-2004年9月对太湖不同富营养水平湖区(太湖大太湖湖区、梅梁湾和五里湖)轮虫的季节变化进行了研究.五里湖营养水平最高,太湖大太湖湖区最低;轮虫的种类数、数量和生物量都是五里湖最高,太湖大太湖湖区最低.回归分析表明,轮虫数量与总氮和叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关;轮虫生物量与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关.结果表明,太湖三个湖区轮虫群落结构显著不同,同时表明太湖水体富营养化对轮虫的群落结构有明显的影响.     

COVID-19疫情对中国区域经济及产业的影响

科学评估重大突发公共卫生事件的经济系统影响,调控其负效应,提升经济系统韧性,是国家重要战略需求.目前,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在中国得以有效遏制,而外源性输入与局部风险仍存,系统辨识其影响路径与作用强度,对经济系统恢复具有指导意义.基于改进的中国多区域一般均衡分析模型,测度了中国不同疫情风险等级区的经济...     

The effect of Coriolis-Stokes forcing on upper ocean circulation in a two-way coupled wave-current model

We investigated the Stokes drift-driven ocean currents and Stokes drift-induced wind energy input into the upper ocean using a two-way coupled wave-current modeling system that consists of the Princeton Ocean Model generalized coordinate system (POMgcs), Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model, and the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). The Coriolis-Stokes forcing (CSF) computed using the wave parameters from SWAN was incorporated with the momentum equation of POMgcs as the core coupling process. Experimental results in an idealized setting show that under the steady state, the scale of the speed of CSF-driven current was 0.001 m/s and the maximum reached 0.02 m/s. The Stokes drift-induced energy rate input into the model ocean was estimated to be 28.5 GW, taking 14% of the direct wind energy rate input. Considering the Stokes drift effects, the total mechanical energy rate input was increased by approximately 14%, which highlights the importance of CSF in modulating the upper ocean circulation. The actual run conducted in Taiwan Adjacent Sea (TAS) shows that: 1) CSF-based wave-current coupling has an impact on ocean surface currents, which is related to the activities of monsoon winds; 2) wave-current coupling plays a significant role in a place where strong eddies present and tends to intensify the eddy’s vorticity; 3) wave-current coupling affects the volume transport of the Taiwan Strait (TS) throughflow in a nontrivial degree, 3.75% on average.     

集合调整卡尔曼滤波方法在M2分潮数值模拟中的水深估计研究

数据同化利用观测信息对模型状态场调整的同时也可以对数值模型中的不确定参数进行估计,从而改进数值模型,提高数值模拟的精度。本文基于集合调整卡尔曼滤波方法,采用广义坐标系统的美国普林斯顿大学海洋模式的外模式开展了渤海和部分黄海海域M₂分潮模拟中的水深估计研究。理想数据同化试验结果表明,集合调整卡尔曼滤波方法能很好地降低模式模拟的水位误差并反演出“真实”的水深参数。而在NAO.99Jb和验潮站数据的实际数据同化试验中,与验潮站数据相比较,水深参数估计后,模式模拟的M₂分潮振幅与迟角误差分别降低了40.27%和49.19%。     

雅布赖盆地构造演化与油气聚集

雅布赖含油气盆地位于中国西部河西走廊地区北部, 处于华北克拉通阿尔善地块中南部过渡带, 属北祁连构造带, 中生代为走滑拉分盆地, 新生代为挤压冲断坳陷盆地.燕山早期, 形成东西向雅布赖拉张断陷, 主控断裂为北大山正断层, 沉积中心位于盆地南部; 燕山中期, 碰撞造山作用致使盆地北部急剧抬升, 北部中-下侏罗统地层遭受强烈剥蚀; 燕山晚期, 阿拉善地块及其北部地区处于伸展构造环境, 雅布赖山前产生东西向正断层, 急剧活动, 快速沉降, 形成了北东向展布的新的拉张断陷盆地.喜马拉雅期, 在挤压走滑作用下, 雅布赖盆地南部形成北西向南倾逆冲的推覆构造, 致使北大山正断层发生错断瓦解, 最终形成"东隆西坳, 南断北超"的挤压坳陷构造格局.雅布赖盆地主体沉积凹陷具有较强分割性, 沉降凹陷分布于南部, 最大沉积岩厚度为5 400 m; 凹陷内侏罗系最为发育, 中侏罗统新河组、青土井组暗色泥岩、煤岩为烃源岩, 砂岩为储集层, 新河组泥岩互层作盖层, 构成盆地内最主要的含油气组合.由于雅布赖盆地特定的早期深埋, 晚期抬升破坏构造格局, 造就侏罗系砂岩储层早期强烈压实致密, 侏罗系煤系烃源岩成熟较晚, 构造发育期与烃源岩排烃期不匹配, 生成油气主要表现为近源成藏与层内滞留, 形成源内自生自储, 致密油应是主要勘探对象.     

基于遗传自组织神经元网络的可见光与热红外遥感数据融合方法

提出了一种融合方法,充分发掘可见光数据高空间分辨率和热红外数据高时间分辨率的特点,在由可见光数据估算的地表参量与热红外数据间,通过遗传自组织神经元网络建立非线性融合方法,最终获得高空间、高时间分辨率的地表温度数据,并利用ASTER卫星产品数据对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法简便易行,精度较高,为快速获取高分辨率地表温度分布提供了一条新途径。