热带西太平洋碳酸盐溶跃深度及其变化规律

碳酸盐的溶解与保存是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,研究碳酸盐溶解作用对探索碳循环机制、理解全球气候变化机理等具有重要意义。本文通过西太平洋暖池核心区雅浦海沟南部附近海域108个表层沉积物和3个柱状沉积物样品中浮游有孔虫、底栖有孔虫和碳酸钙含量等变化特征分析了海底碳酸盐溶跃深度、补偿深度及其自中更新世以来的变化规律。表层沉积物碳酸盐含量、浮游与底栖有孔虫丰度、底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群比例、底栖有孔虫群中胶结质壳比例等多种指标变化表明,本区现代碳酸盐溶跃面(carbonate lysocline depth, CLD)位于水深3800m附近,碳酸盐补偿深度(carbonate compensation depth, CCD)约为4800m。柱状样有孔虫溶解指数(foraminifera dissolution index, FDX)的变化表明,冰期碳酸盐溶解作用减弱,碳酸盐溶跃面和补偿深度变深;冰消期碳酸盐溶解作用增强,溶跃面和补偿深度变浅。位于现代溶跃面附近的柱状岩心碳酸盐含量呈现冰期高、间冰期低的"太平洋型"旋回特征,同时古生产力替代性指标的变化曲线与碳酸盐含量没有明显的相关性,说明中更新世...     

东海中南部海域表层沉积物碎屑重矿物组合分区及其物源分析

对东海中南部海域表层沉积物进行了重矿物鉴定,探讨了其物质来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了分析。研究区碎屑重矿物共有40余种,还有少量岩屑和风化碎屑。暗色重矿物含量高值出现在100 m以深的东海外陆架,浙闽近海一带暗色重矿物含量低。稳定重矿物含量与离岸距离有一定的相关性,从内陆架到外陆架,含量有逐步增加的趋势。云母类矿物高值集中于浙闽近海内陆架一带;自生黄铁矿也集中浙闽近海水深50 m以浅的内陆架,说明该区水动力偏弱, 主要为还原环境。聚类分析表明,研究区划为2个分区。Ⅰ区包括浙闽近海海域和台湾海峡中西部海域,水深在60 m以浅,主要是长江物质在沿岸流作用下向南搬运沉积。Ⅱ区包括东海中外陆架、陆坡以及冲绳海槽的部分海域,水深多在80 m以深,其物源来自东亚大陆,形成于晚更新世低海平面时期。     

南极近海南设得兰陆缘天然气水合物成矿条件与机理

南设得兰陆缘属于典型的活动型大陆边缘,沟-增生楔-弧前盆地序列发育,具备天然气水合物发育的有利地质构造背景。该区已有的调查资料显示出天然气水合物存在的显著标志——BSR和极性反转特征（或者称为基底反射波,BGR）。研究结果表明,南设得兰陆缘具备形成水合物的充足的气源、适宜的稳定域条件、有利于天然气水合物形成与聚集的沉积体系和特殊地质构造环境,推断南设得兰陆缘以构造型水合物成矿地质模式为主,并以增生楔内甲烷随流体向上迁移形成水合物的模式最为重要。     

现代黄河三角洲钓口叶瓣不良地质现象

根据对钓口三角洲叶瓣体的钻孔、浅地层剖面调查资料,研究了钓口叶瓣体垂向地层结构特点,分析了因其所导致的潜在不良地质现象,如:地面沉降以及不均匀沉降、土体液化、软弱层及底辟、滑坡、差异冲刷,总结了其特征、成因模式及危害。因钓口叶瓣的地层结构特点与现代黄河三角洲整体地层结构特点相似,其所导致的不良地质现象也普遍存在于现代黄河三角洲。该区为埕岛油田所在地,在该区进行工程建设,应对这些可能存在的不良地质现象引起重视。     

天然气水合物开采技术现状

介绍了天然气水合物的研究历程与研究现状,总结了热激法、降压开采法、化学抑制剂注入法、置换法和固体开采法5种天然气水合物开采技术的利弊,从经济和社会角度阐述了天然气水合物商业化开采所面临的机遇与挑战,并提出了相应的应对措施。     

黄河入海泥沙扩散与河海相互作用

根据黄河口卫星遥感数据和河口滨海区水文,泥沙实测资料,对河口区洪水的平面扩散和含沙水层特征进行分析,结果表明,在洪水期,河口高高潮到低低潮线之间主河道两侧存在大范围浸流区,片状水流汇入网状汉沟入海,主河槽过流仍很明显,随着流量减小,漫流现象减弱乃至消失,推测口门区主河道的床流量约１０００ｍ＾３／ｓ;ＴＭ１－３合成ＴＭ６温度制图发现,在河口浅水区存在河海相互作用的混合带,混合带宽与河流流量成正比,混     

Low-amplitude BSRs and gas hydrate concentration on the northern margin of the South China Sea

The passive northern continental margin of the South China Sea is rich in gas hydrates, as inferred from the occurrence of bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) and from well logging data at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill sites. Nonetheless, BSRs on new 2D multichannel seismic reflection data from the area around the Dongsha Islands (the Dongsha Rise) are not ubiquitous. They are confined to complex diapiric structures and active fault zones located between the Dongsha Rise and the surrounding depressions, implying that gas hydrate occurrence is likewise limited to these areas. Most of the BSRs have low amplitude and are therefore not clearly recognizable. Acoustic impedance provides information on rock properties and has been used to estimate gas hydrate concentration. Gas hydrate-bearing sediments have acoustic impedance that is higher than that of the surrounding sediments devoid of hydrates. Based on well logging data, the relationship between acoustic impedance and porosity can be obtained by a linear regression, and the degree of gas hydrate saturation can be determined using Archie’s equation. By applying these methods to multichannel seismic data and well logging data from the northern South China Sea, the gas hydrate concentration is found to be 3–25% of the pore space at ODP Site 1148 depending on sub-surface depth, and is estimated to be less than values of 5% estimated along seismic profile 0101. Our results suggest that saturation of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea is higher than that estimated from well resistivity log data in the gas hydrate stability zone, but that free gas is scarce beneath this zone. It is probably the scarcity of free gas that is responsible for the low amplitudes of the BSRs.     

黄河水下三角洲沉积厚度、沉积速率及砂体形态

本文通过多年水下实测剖面对比,对黄河水下三角洲现今活动叶瓣沉积厚度、沉积速率和砂体形态进行了研究。厚度分布等值线呈椭圆形,长轴与海岸平行。口门处沉积速率最大,平均最高值可达240cm/a之多,前三角洲沉积速率小于30cm/a,平均约15cm/a,三角洲侧缘小于50cm/a,平均约30cm/a。三角洲叶瓣砂体成分受物源控制,主要由粗粉砂组成。通过与世界六种典型三角洲砂体模式对比,认为黄河三角洲叶瓣砂体有其特殊性,代表具高密度流的三角洲砂体特征。     

Distribution and its mechanism of suspended particulate matters in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea in summer

Water temperature,turbidity,chlorophyll-a and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were investigated at 61 stations of eight sections in the southern Huanghai Sea (HS) and the East China Sea (ECS) during the summer (28 June to 15 July) of 2006.The horizontal distribution of suspended parti culate matter (SPM) displayed a high concentration inshore and a low value offshore.The maximum value can reach 10.4 mg/dm 3,which can be found at the Changjiang River mouth.For the same site,the SSC was generally higher at the bottom than on the surface.In the vertical direction,distribution characteristics of turbidity can be divided into two types:in the southern HS high values at the bottom while low values on the surface,and in the ECS high values inshore with low values offshore.The thermocline in the HS and the Taiwan Warm Current in the ECS could be important factors preventing the SPM from diffusing upward and seaward.Even the typhoon Ewiniar was not able to work on the major sediment transport under the thermocline during the observation.     

基于色貌效应预测的HDR图像显示研究

在基于iCAM的HDR图像显示过程中加入亨特效应和史蒂文斯效应的预测模型。针对不同的评价目的(图像偏好性和场景再现准确性评价),通过实验确定了亨特效应和史蒂文斯效应预测模型中调制参数c和m的最佳取值,并将最终得到的两个完整的预测模型用于算法流程中。通过图像偏好性实验和场景再现准确性实验发现,改进后算法在图像偏好性上优于商业软件PhotoShop CS4中的4种算法和改进前的iCAM算法;在场景再现准确性上优于改进前的iCAM算法,并与PhotoShop的算法相当;最后通过离散快速傅立叶变换和降采样技术,提高了算法的计算速度。