Mean sea level changes near Weizhou island from 1969 to 2010

Tidal data from Weizhou, Zhapo, and Shanwei stations between 1969 and 2010 and from five gauging stations in the western Pacific Ocean provided by PSMSL, and the global mean sea level data recorded between December 1992 and December 2010 by TOPEX and Jason satellites were compiled and analyzed. The results show that the perennial mean sea level near Weizhou Island is 211.7 cm(relative to the water gauge zero), and the relative mean sea level rising rate is 2.2 mm yr-1 from 1969 to 2010, which is consistent with the relative mean sea level rising rate recorded at other gauging stations in the western Pacific regions and with the global mean sea level rising rate. The absolute mean sea level rising rate at Weizhou Island is 3.0 mm yr-1 from 1993 to 2010, also conforming with the global mean sea level rising rate(3.1±0.4 mm yr-1) during the same time period. The highest annual tide level at Weizhou Island has a rising rate of 4.6 mm yr-1 and shows a 20-year quasi-periodic variation from 1966 to 2010. The primary cause of the mean sea level rising is global warming.     

An experimental study of seabed responses around a marine pipeline under wave and current conditions

Experiments on three types of soil (d₅₀=0.287, 0.057 and 0.034 mm) with pipeline(D=4 cm) either half buried or resting on the seabed under regular wave or combined with current actions were conducted in a large wave flume to investigate characteristics of soil responses. The pore pressures were measured through the soil depth and across the pipeline. When pipeline is present the measured pore pressures in sandy soil nearby the pipeline deviate considerably from that predicted by the poro-elasticity theory. The buried pipeline seems to provide a degree of resistance to soil liquefaction in the two finer soil seabeds. In the silt bed, a negative power relationship was found between maximum values of excess pore pressure p_max and test intervals under the same wave conditions due to soil densification and dissipation of the pore pressure. In the case of wave combined with current, pore pressures in sandy soil show slightly decrease with time, whereas in silt soil, the current causes an increase in the excess pore pressure build-up, especially at the deeper depth. Comparing liquefaction depth with scour depth underneath the pipeline indicates that the occurrence of liquefaction is accompanied with larger scour depth under the same pipeline-bed configuration.     

Spatial distribution and controlling factors of sedimentary bodies in Jiaozhou Bay and Adjacent Sea Areas, Qingdao

The distributions of thickness of unconsolidated Quaternary sedimentary layers in Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao offshore area were studied by using 1079-km high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and drilling core data, and the factors controlling the Quaternary evolution were discussed. The results show that such thickness distributions resulted from the coactions of geologic structures and marine hydrodynamic conditions since the Holocene. The geologic structures controlled the slope deposit, proluvial and fluvial fillings since the late Pleistocene. Holocene marine hydrodynamics eroded away sediments at the bay mouth, and tides carried these eroded materials to the sides of the bay mouth and released them there, forming channel-ridge-alternating geomorphic features. During transgressive processes, the sea level rose rapidly, and insufficient sediment supply and tidal actions yielded the relict sediments in the east of Qingdao offshore area.     

天然气水合物开采技术现状

介绍了天然气水合物的研究历程与研究现状,总结了热激法、降压开采法、化学抑制剂注入法、置换法和固体开采法5种天然气水合物开采技术的利弊,从经济和社会角度阐述了天然气水合物商业化开采所面临的机遇与挑战,并提出了相应的应对措施。     

太湖、巢湖、滇池水华与相关气象、水质因子及其响应的比较(1981-2015年)

比较了太湖、巢湖、滇池（"三湖"）1981-2010年间的气象要素,1987-2015年间的水质要素,2000-2013年间的年内水华起始日期与持续时间,以及与水华相关的已有研究情况.其中,气象要素包括气温、日温差、风速、风向、气压、降水、相对湿度等;水质要素包括水温、总氮浓度、总磷浓度、水体综合营养指数等.对比结果表明,云贵高原湖泊滇池因其冬、春季节气温较高且日温差较大等气象特征,以及总磷浓度较高等水质特征,相比于东部平原湖泊太湖、巢湖而言更易发生水华,且在"三湖"中水华年内起始日期最早,持续时间最长.然而,目前有关滇池水华的研究相对于"三湖"中的太湖却远远不足.鉴于滇池所处湖区的独特气象、水质特征,平原水华湖泊的研究结果难以有针对性地指导其水华控制,亟需提高滇池水华研究的系统性与深度.只有因地制宜,方有希望逐步有效控制、减轻、乃至消除滇池水华.     

黄河入海泥沙扩散与河海相互作用

根据黄河口卫星遥感数据和河口滨海区水文,泥沙实测资料,对河口区洪水的平面扩散和含沙水层特征进行分析,结果表明,在洪水期,河口高高潮到低低潮线之间主河道两侧存在大范围浸流区,片状水流汇入网状汉沟入海,主河槽过流仍很明显,随着流量减小,漫流现象减弱乃至消失,推测口门区主河道的床流量约１０００ｍ＾３／ｓ;ＴＭ１－３合成ＴＭ６温度制图发现,在河口浅水区存在河海相互作用的混合带,混合带宽与河流流量成正比,混     

Low-amplitude BSRs and gas hydrate concentration on the northern margin of the South China Sea

The passive northern continental margin of the South China Sea is rich in gas hydrates, as inferred from the occurrence of bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) and from well logging data at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill sites. Nonetheless, BSRs on new 2D multichannel seismic reflection data from the area around the Dongsha Islands (the Dongsha Rise) are not ubiquitous. They are confined to complex diapiric structures and active fault zones located between the Dongsha Rise and the surrounding depressions, implying that gas hydrate occurrence is likewise limited to these areas. Most of the BSRs have low amplitude and are therefore not clearly recognizable. Acoustic impedance provides information on rock properties and has been used to estimate gas hydrate concentration. Gas hydrate-bearing sediments have acoustic impedance that is higher than that of the surrounding sediments devoid of hydrates. Based on well logging data, the relationship between acoustic impedance and porosity can be obtained by a linear regression, and the degree of gas hydrate saturation can be determined using Archie’s equation. By applying these methods to multichannel seismic data and well logging data from the northern South China Sea, the gas hydrate concentration is found to be 3–25% of the pore space at ODP Site 1148 depending on sub-surface depth, and is estimated to be less than values of 5% estimated along seismic profile 0101. Our results suggest that saturation of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea is higher than that estimated from well resistivity log data in the gas hydrate stability zone, but that free gas is scarce beneath this zone. It is probably the scarcity of free gas that is responsible for the low amplitudes of the BSRs.     

黄河水下三角洲沉积厚度、沉积速率及砂体形态

本文通过多年水下实测剖面对比,对黄河水下三角洲现今活动叶瓣沉积厚度、沉积速率和砂体形态进行了研究。厚度分布等值线呈椭圆形,长轴与海岸平行。口门处沉积速率最大,平均最高值可达240cm/a之多,前三角洲沉积速率小于30cm/a,平均约15cm/a,三角洲侧缘小于50cm/a,平均约30cm/a。三角洲叶瓣砂体成分受物源控制,主要由粗粉砂组成。通过与世界六种典型三角洲砂体模式对比,认为黄河三角洲叶瓣砂体有其特殊性,代表具高密度流的三角洲砂体特征。     

Distribution and its mechanism of suspended particulate matters in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea in summer

Water temperature,turbidity,chlorophyll-a and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were investigated at 61 stations of eight sections in the southern Huanghai Sea (HS) and the East China Sea (ECS) during the summer (28 June to 15 July) of 2006.The horizontal distribution of suspended parti culate matter (SPM) displayed a high concentration inshore and a low value offshore.The maximum value can reach 10.4 mg/dm 3,which can be found at the Changjiang River mouth.For the same site,the SSC was generally higher at the bottom than on the surface.In the vertical direction,distribution characteristics of turbidity can be divided into two types:in the southern HS high values at the bottom while low values on the surface,and in the ECS high values inshore with low values offshore.The thermocline in the HS and the Taiwan Warm Current in the ECS could be important factors preventing the SPM from diffusing upward and seaward.Even the typhoon Ewiniar was not able to work on the major sediment transport under the thermocline during the observation.     

基于色貌效应预测的HDR图像显示研究

在基于iCAM的HDR图像显示过程中加入亨特效应和史蒂文斯效应的预测模型。针对不同的评价目的(图像偏好性和场景再现准确性评价),通过实验确定了亨特效应和史蒂文斯效应预测模型中调制参数c和m的最佳取值,并将最终得到的两个完整的预测模型用于算法流程中。通过图像偏好性实验和场景再现准确性实验发现,改进后算法在图像偏好性上优于商业软件PhotoShop CS4中的4种算法和改进前的iCAM算法;在场景再现准确性上优于改进前的iCAM算法,并与PhotoShop的算法相当;最后通过离散快速傅立叶变换和降采样技术,提高了算法的计算速度。