Three-dimensional reservoir architecture modeling by geostatistical techniques in BD block,Jinhu depression,northern Jiangsu Basin,China

To reduce or avoid some of the ambiguities in a heterogeneous reservoir, a fine three-dimensional model would be inevitably established with the application of geostatistical techniques. BD oilfield is a low-permeability fractured reservoir with many fracture types, which composes a multi-azimuthal fracture system, causing strong anisotropy and heterogeneity. Moreover, fracture provides not only accumulation space for oil and gas but also channels for migration of hydrocarbons and water dashing and thus plays a leading role in controlling BD reservoir production. With the continuous exploitation of oil in reservoir for more than 30 years, BD oilfield has currently stepped into high water cut stage, exposing many problems such as low oil recovery, poor exploitation stability, rapid oil production decline, and one-way water intrusion. Therefore, a detailed reservoir characterization, constructed to describe reservoir behavior under strong water drive in a well-developed fractured reservoir, is urgently needed. In this study, combined with three-dimensional geostatistical techniques, an accurate and efficient reservoir parameter model that occurs in a strong heterogeneous fractured reservoir has been constructed through stratigraphic correlation and sedimentary facies analysis. Hence, all the study presented above will be available for well location, remaining oil potential-tapping and oil recovery improvement during the later study work.     

黄河下游泥沙输沙率的预测

利用黄河利津站的精密水文泥沙测量结果对一些常用水流泥沙输沙率公式进行验证表明，Ｖａｎ Ｒｉｊｎ公式最适合于黄河泥沙输沙率的预测，对公式做部分校正则可以大大提高其预测能力。     

西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中的类ENSO式演化及其驱动机制

作为全球接受太阳辐射最多、表层海水温度最高的区域,西太平洋暖池区通过厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)和季风等过程影响着全球气候的变化。越来越多的沉积记录证明,在地质历史时期西太平洋暖池也存在类似于现代ENSO过程的“类ENSO式”变化。而目前类ENSO式变化与冰期—间冰期旋回之间的响应关系和驱动机制及其与东亚季风的关联仍存在争议。本文利用位于暖池核心区的B10岩心浮游有孔虫氧同位素、Mg/Ca(质量分数比)和黏土矿物参数重建了暖池区氧同位素8期以来的古气候记录,并结合已有的热带海表温度记录、中国石笋氧同位素和南大洋地区海表温度记录,研究了西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中类ENSO状态的演化规律及其与东亚季风的关系,并探讨了暖池区类ENSO演化的驱动机制。结果发现:冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层变浅,赤道东、西太平洋温差减小,同时,东亚夏季风减弱,暖池区降水量相对减少,与现代El Niño时期气候态类似;间冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层加深,赤道东、西太平洋温差增大,东亚冬夏季风增强,暖池区降水量相对增加,与现代La Niña时期气候态类似。频谱分析结果表明,西太平洋暖池区海表温度的变化具有偏心率周期(96 ka)。冰消期时,低纬度太阳辐射量的增加,增大了纬向上的SST梯度,并使得次表层海水储存了更多的热量,积累的热量会通过调节次表层环流向暖池区的热传输,最终调控赤道太平洋地区Walker环流强度和ENSO活动的长期变化。而冰期时,南大洋地区降温所引起的东南信风和大洋环流异常可能对类ENSO式起到调控的作用。     

The coastal erosion and evolution of the Yellow River Delta abandoned lobe

A statistic analysis predicting coastal change of the Yellow River abandoned delta lobe formed from 1964 to 1976 using Landsat TM imagery was conducted by calculating the coastal erosion/accumulation rates obtained from four different classic profiles and plotting the change curves of coastline with time. The studies showed that the regularity of the evolution of the coastline was very obvious after the delta lobe was abandoned. The coastal evolution can be divided into three different phases: erosion phase, transition phase and cyclical change phase. At present, the coast has evolved to the cyclical change phase. The natural coastline change cycle is 4 years between the dam and is 5 years to the west of the dam. In the cyclical change phase, the quasi-equilibrium line of the coast was located near the coastline of 1996, the current coast may recede 1.79 km to reach the natural equilibrium coastline. Therefore, some measures must be taken to protect the dam or the dam will be destroyed by the force of nature. The curves also revealed the magnitude of erosion/accumulation rates would decrease gradually with time. The results of the study offer guidance for coast protection, and proves that the evolution of silty coast actually was a cyclical change process too.     

泥火山——天然气水合物存在的活证据

海底天然气水合物大多与通过切穿沉积盖层的断裂的上升烃类流体相关，这些高渗透带包括泥火山和底辟等侵入构造，所以泥火山、底辟和海底断裂等构造周围可能赋存水合物；实际钻探结果也证实，泥火山和水合物的形成与聚集有较为密切的关系。泥火山，它是地层内部圈闭气体由于压力释放上冲的结果，也是气体向上运移的通道。文章初步总结了泥火山与水合物的成矿关系，认为泥火山是水合物赋存的标志之一，是水合物存在的活证据。本文对我国泥火山与水合物的发育和赋存进行了分析预测，并对泥火山构造中水合物的成矿模式进行了初步探讨。     

黄河口近期环境演变与河口治理

本文分析了近几年来尾闾河道及河口滨海区实测资料，认为尾闾河道河相关系趋向于转好，河口变化造成的溯源冲淤作用影响范围仅有２０几ｋｍ，并且只有在汛期水流强度较大时，才发生溯源调整作用，非汛期淤积严重。由于河口砂咀向海凸出，三角洲前缘形成强流带，加上波浪作用及异重流发育，河口砂咀延伸速度明显减缓。最后，作者对目前河口治理中存在问题的解决提出了建议，尤其指出不应轻易放弃目前良好的河口行水环境。     

南海北部陆坡珠江口盆地东南海域GMGS2-09井孔隙水地球化学特征及其对天然气水合物的指示意义

沉积物孔隙水地球化学是天然气水合物勘探与研究的重要手段。为了探究珠江口盆地东南海域GMGS2-09钻孔的沉积物孔隙水地球化学特征及其对埋藏的天然气水合物的指示意义,我们在前人的研究和认知基础上,通过测试该钻孔沉积物孔隙水的氯离子含量、氢氧同位素和阳离子组成来识别天然气水合物的赋存层位。结果表明GMGS2-09钻孔在9~17、47以及100m处存在氯离子浓度的负异常耦合氧同位素的正异常,指示相应的天然气水合物赋存,其中9~17m层位指示结果与实际取样情况完全一致。此外,采用基于水合物晶格的排盐机理推导的经验公式计算显示水合物饱和度在浅表层(17m)最高约为50%,中间以及底层约为20%。     

热带西太平洋碳酸盐溶跃深度及其变化规律

碳酸盐的溶解与保存是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,研究碳酸盐溶解作用对探索碳循环机制、理解全球气候变化机理等具有重要意义。本文通过西太平洋暖池核心区雅浦海沟南部附近海域108个表层沉积物和3个柱状沉积物样品中浮游有孔虫、底栖有孔虫和碳酸钙含量等变化特征分析了海底碳酸盐溶跃深度、补偿深度及其自中更新世以来的变化规律。表层沉积物碳酸盐含量、浮游与底栖有孔虫丰度、底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群比例、底栖有孔虫群中胶结质壳比例等多种指标变化表明,本区现代碳酸盐溶跃面(carbonate lysocline depth, CLD)位于水深3800m附近,碳酸盐补偿深度(carbonate compensation depth, CCD)约为4800m。柱状样有孔虫溶解指数(foraminifera dissolution index, FDX）的变化表明,冰期碳酸盐溶解作用减弱,碳酸盐溶跃面和补偿深度变深;冰消期碳酸盐溶解作用增强,溶跃面和补偿深度变浅。位于现代溶跃面附近的柱状岩心碳酸盐含量呈现冰期高、间冰期低的“太平洋型”旋回特征,同时古生产力替代性指标的变化曲线与碳酸盐含量没有明显的相关性,说明中更新世以来的碳酸盐含量变化主要受溶解作用的控制,特别是在冰期- 间冰期转换时期更为明显。     

基于ADCP反演渤海湾悬浮体浓度年变化

基于座底ADCP实测回波强度信号,结合短期实测悬浮体质量浓度,反演长时间序列悬浮体质量浓度,定量分析了渤海湾近一年悬浮体质量浓度变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:受风浪影响,该区悬浮体质量浓度具有明显季节性变化特征,风浪作用强烈的季节其悬浮体浓度表现为相对高值。悬浮体净输运同样具明显季节性变化,秋冬强风浪作用下,悬浮体的净输运量明显增加;而在不同季节,月净输运方向具有不同的主输运方向。悬浮体质量浓度日变化受潮流控制明显,长周期变化则主要与风场的变化有关。潮流涨急过程与风致大浪过程均可引起沉积物再悬浮,导致悬浮体浓度明显增高。     

Mean sea level changes near Weizhou island from 1969 to 2010

Tidal data from Weizhou, Zhapo, and Shanwei stations between 1969 and 2010 and from five gauging stations in the western Pacific Ocean provided by PSMSL, and the global mean sea level data recorded between December 1992 and December 2010 by TOPEX and Jason satellites were compiled and analyzed. The results show that the perennial mean sea level near Weizhou Island is 211.7 cm(relative to the water gauge zero), and the relative mean sea level rising rate is 2.2 mm yr-1 from 1969 to 2010, which is consistent with the relative mean sea level rising rate recorded at other gauging stations in the western Pacific regions and with the global mean sea level rising rate. The absolute mean sea level rising rate at Weizhou Island is 3.0 mm yr-1 from 1993 to 2010, also conforming with the global mean sea level rising rate(3.1±0.4 mm yr-1) during the same time period. The highest annual tide level at Weizhou Island has a rising rate of 4.6 mm yr-1 and shows a 20-year quasi-periodic variation from 1966 to 2010. The primary cause of the mean sea level rising is global warming.