非线性Rossby波动特征的进一步探讨

在一定的假定下,利用自然坐标系对正压非线性Rossby波的特征作了进一步探讨,指出控制Rossby波动过程的本质方程是摆型方程及类似于Sine—Gordon方程的关系式,得到了波动过程中复杂的质点振动轨迹和非线性振荡的周期;给出了定常Rossby波的几种复杂流型,证明了非线性Rossby波的位相传播和能量传播是沿着流线进行的。这些结果对深入认识大气内部动力过程和解释某些观测现象具有一定意义。     

时间场法在折射波资料解释应用中的研究

本文介绍的方法,对时间场法求取等时线方法进行了改进。经过理论推导,建立了便于数值计算的计算模型,并根据这一计算模型编制了FORTRAN—77计算程序。该程序不仅适用于均匀介质的情况,对地震波速度随深度变化的纵向不均匀介质等情况均适用。     

Remains of trilobites and other species discovered in a volcanic ash bed of the end-Permian,Yangtze craton,South China

The remains of trilobites and other species were unexpectedly discovered in a volcanic ash layer beneath the Permian–Triassic Boundary (PTB). Based on a biostratigraphic investigation of the Zhongliangshan section in Chongqing, South China, the quantity of the species gradually decreased with subsequent volcanism. This finding provides an opportunity to further understand the disappearance of trilobites and the evolution of the mass extinction event. The temporal coincidence between the volcanic eruption event and the loss of trilobites and other species supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. The species remains in the ash bed appeared before the disappearance of Clarkina yini and the climax of the negative carbon isotope excursion, which implies that the onset of the mass extinction occurred at the end-Permian. The explosive volcanic events caused massive releases of CO₂, toxic gases and volcanic ash and resulted in loss of habitat for certain species in the Tethys domain. This phenomenon may have led to the abrupt death of trilobites and the catastrophic collapse of biodiversity.     

基于GF-1卫星遥感影像的海岸线生态化监测与评价研究——以营口市为例

海岸线是海洋与陆地的分界线,也是重要的生态交错线。本文采用GF-1卫星遥感影像,通过监测大潮高潮时刻和小潮低潮时刻海岸水陆边界线,构建了潮间带完整性系数,以此为依据将海岸线划分为自然海岸线、具有基本生态功能的人工海岸线、具有部分生态功能的人工海岸线、具有有限生态功能的人工海岸线、具有少量生态功能的人工海岸线和无生态功能的人工海岸线。在此基础上,结合潮间带完整性系数及其毗邻海岸线长度,构建了海岸线生态化指数,用以评价区域海岸线的生态化程度。营口市海岸线以无生态功能的人工海岸线、自然海岸线和具有少量生态功能的人工海岸线为主,分别占到海岸线总长度的45.74%、18.31%和15.53%。营口市总体海岸线生态化指数为0.29,其中西城区、老边区、盖州北、鲅鱼圈区和盖州南分别为0.55、0.17、0.40、0.10和0.55。     

Analysis of current–topography interaction in remote sensing imaging procedures for shallow water topography

Underwater topography can be imaged using remote sensing methods. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the imaging mechanism of shallow water topography. However, current–topography interaction constitutes the weakest link in the remote sensing imaging mechanism of underwater topography. In addition, few studies focused on different topography patterns. Current velocity is highly correlated with bathymetry, and velocity gradient is used as an indicator of sea surface roughness. In this research, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of current velocity and velocity gradient in different cases using a 3-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model to discuss the current–topography interaction part of the remote sensing imaging mechanism, especially the modulation by current parallel or normal to the underwater topography, both positive and negative. Results showed remarkable agreement between 3-D current analysis and surface velocity analysis. Parallel and normal currents had different responses to different topography types. The distribution of surface current gradient showed opposite features over negative and positive topography in parallel and normal current fields. This can be used to distinguish negative topography from positive topography with different current directions to a certain extent.     

多粒度时空对象关联关系的分类体系与表达模型

地理对象之间的关联关系是地理对象之间的相互作用形式。任何地理对象都不是独立存在的,与其他的地理对象有一定的关联关系,并且这些关联关系是复杂多样的。地理场景就是在地理对象之间普遍存在的、复杂多样的关联作用下形成的一个统一的整体。传统GIS数据模型对地理对象之间关联关系的描述多侧重于空间关系,其他的关联关系往往需要经过比较复杂的计算和推理后求得,难以完整地表达地理对象之间复杂的相互作用关系,不完全符合人类对地理现象的认知情况。然而,在全空间系统中,可以根据常见的地理分析需求对多粒度时空对象间关联、作用关系进行分类表达,便于客观实体全方位的抽象与表达。对象间的关联关系可主要分为空间关系、时间关系、属性关系、因果关系、认知关系5大类。本文用地理实体作为案例,分析了关联关系的表达模型。     

Numerical well model for non-Darcy flow through isotropic porous media[*]This work was supported in part by the EPA under grant # R 825207-01-1, by the State of Texas under ARP/ATP grant # 010366-168 and by a gift grant from Mobil Oil Corp.

Numerical simulation of fluid flow in a hydrocarbon reservoir has to account for the presence of wells. The pressure of a grid cell containing a well is different from the average pressure in that cell and different from the bottom-hole pressure for the well [17]. This paper presents a study of grid pressures obtained from the simulation of single phase flow through an isotropic porous medium using different numerical methods. Well equations are proposed for Darcy flow with Galerkin finite elements and mixed finite elements. Furthermore, high velocity (non-Darcy) flow well equations are developed for cell-centered finite difference, Galerkin finite element and mixed finite element techniques.     

矿物光率体主轴-晶轴-弹性张量的数学转换和计算机实现的方法

以往是通过手工转图由光率体主轴获取晶轴和应力主轴的,把手工操作变为计算机运算和成图,是一个重要的附加课题．主要介绍了计算机实现轴与轴以及坐标系和投影面之间的各种转换方法,具体步骤有：（１）把费氏台下读数转换为地理坐标系下的数据;（２）已知任意两个光率体主轴求第三个光率体主轴;（３）投影面的旋转;（４）由光率体主轴获取晶轴;（５）把弹性张量从与晶轴相关的坐标系转到地理坐标系中．由此编制的处理程序和绘图软件已在应用中．     

Volume and heat transports and material fluxes in the East China Sea during April 1994

INTRODUCTIONTherehavebeenmanystudiesandcomputationsonVToftheKuroshiointheEastChinaThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49476278.Asanditsvacation.Forexample,(1)basedonhydrographicobservationsatactionG(PN)f...     

排铅奶粉对实验性铅中毒的治疗作用

研究保健食品—排铅奶粉 (L ead Excreting Milk Powder,LEMP)对实验性铅中毒大鼠的粪铅和血铅含量的影响。 1)大鼠饮服 0 .2 %乙酸铅水溶液染毒 ,共三周 ,造成轻度实验性铅中毒后 ,改饮 0 .0 2 %乙酸铅水溶液维持 ,口服 L EMP5、10、15g/ kg连续观察 10 d。结果表明 ,与对照组比较能明显增加粪铅含量 (P<0 .0 1) ,抑制血铅升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,有效地阻止大鼠对铅的吸收。 2 )大鼠饮服 0 .3%和 0 .6 %乙酸铅水溶液 ,造成重度铅中毒后 ,在脱离毒源的情况下 ,口服 L EMP10 g/kg,连续观察 15d。结果表明 ,与对照组比较 ,实验组能显著降低血铅浓度 (P<0 .0 1) ,显示出较好的体内驱铅效果。