基于微卫星标记的三疣梭子蟹家系系谱认证

用6个微卫星标记对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的6个家系进行系谱鉴别和遗传多样性研究。6个微卫星标记在6个家系中显示了高度的遗传差异,6个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为Pot09位点0.6045,Pot14位点0.6072,Pot17位点0.8130,Pot18位点0.6870,Pot25位点0.7839,Pot42位点0.6330。6个多态性位点共发现了32个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数在4～8个之间。不同位点共发现7个家系特异性等位基因,2#和3#家系中各发现2个,1#、5#、6#家系中各发现1个,4#家系未发现特异性等位基因。根据已知亲本及子代基因型,可推断出6个家系中全部亲本的基因型,据此鉴别各家系。在Pot18位点可将1#家系和6#家系与其他家系相区别;Pot14位点和Pot17位点可将3#家系与其他家系相区别;Pot42位点可将5#与其他家系相区别;Pot17位点和Pot25可将2#家系与其他家系相区别。因此,Pot18位点、Pot14位点和Pot17位点、Pot42位点、Pot17位点和Pot25位点可分别用于鉴别1#和6#家系、3#、5#、2#家系的特异性标记。研究表明,在选用的6个微卫星标记中,最少选用3个标记可鉴别6个三疣梭子蟹家系。     

藏北北羌塘盆地晚三叠世古风化壳地质地球化学特征及其意义

对最近在藏北羌塘盆地菊花山、肖茶卡、石水河等地区新发现的肖茶卡组顶部的粘土质角砾岩的地质、地球化学特征研究表明:其岩石矿物成分、结构构造、角砾层产状及剖面演化序列等与古风化壳的形成及其特征较为一致;相对于基岩,古风化壳的主量元素表现为CaO、CO2的淋失和SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Na2O、MnO、P2O5等不同程度的相对富集;古风化壳中的粘土质风化残积层的稀土元素具有明显的富集,表现为LREE含量远大于HREE的特征,存在明显的Ce的正异常以及Eu的负异常;微量元素除Mo、Sn和U外,粘土质风化残积层的其余元素含量均有明显的增加。这些特征从另一角度证实了北羌塘盆地晚三叠世存在明显的沉积间断。晚三叠世肖茶卡组顶部古风化壳的发现,为了解区域地壳发展史、古气候、古地理演化、层序地层的划分与对比、羌塘含油气盆地分析等提供了重要的依据。     

Sequence Stratigraphy and Evolution of the Neoproterozoic Marginal Basins Along Southeastern Yangtze Craton, South China

Four sequence sets have been recognized in the Neoproterozoic basins along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China. The first sequence set consists of the Baizhu and Hetong Formations (or their equivalents), which is absent or partially absent in the denudational areas of the Jiangnan Ridge division. It represents the beginning of the continental rifting. The second sequence set is made up of the Sanmenjie and Gongdong Formations (or their equivalents), and is characterised by widespread rift volcanism. The third sequence set is represented by the Chang'an Formation glacial deposits in the Hunan-Guangxi sub-basin, which is absent in land areas covered by continental ice sheets. The Nantuo tillites and subsequent carbonaceous and siliceous sediments (the Doushantuo and Dengying Formations) constitute the fourth sequence set in the study area, marking the end of the continental rifting. The first three sets have been interpreted as forming the rift-fill, and the last one the rift cover. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of the Neoproterozoic basin history in South China, and a more robust correlation with Neoproterozoic successions in other continents formed during the breakup of Rodinia.     

长江口日本沼虾繁殖群体生物学研究

对2006年6,7,8,10,12月长江口日本沼虾的生殖生物学进行初步研究。测定其头胸甲长、体质量、指节、性腺指数、肝胰腺指数、分析头胸甲长和体质量之间的关系,性腺指数、肝胰腺指数与体质量的相关性。结果表明,日本沼虾主要分布在1.25～2.00mm,体质量分布在2.0～4.0g。头胸甲长与体质量线性相关,指节和头胸甲为正相关,性腺及肝胰腺与体质量及头胸甲长呈正相关,对雌性发育分期进行划分。绝对生殖力4977,相对生殖力1000～2000,雌性生殖力与头胸甲长和体质量正相关,相关方程分别为y=315.47e1.6578x;y=1511.9e0.3251x。     

Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China

To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the Permian Period from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China, borehole samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor mudstones were collected from mineable coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and carbonate minerals are the principal inorganic constituents in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the Permian coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with aluminosilicate minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with sulfide minerals.     

利用浮标资料初步评估NCEP再分析湍通量

通过与浮标观测资料的对比分析,指出NCEP动量通量、再计算NCEP热通量更能够代表NCEP再分析数据库的数值模拟效果。当风速大于20m/s时,数值模拟的湍通量低于浮标块体湍通量,当风速在10～20m/s时,数值模拟的湍通量高于浮标块体湍通量。同时还发现数值模拟结果的延迟现象,以及不能反映大风过后快速的海气温差变化而引起的感热通量变化。     

缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波

正压流体中,从准地转位涡方程出发采用摄动方法和时空伸长变换推导了在缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波方程,得到Rossby波振幅满足带有缓变地形非齐次Benjamin-Davis-Ono(BDO)方程的结论.通过分析孤立Rossby波振幅的演变,指出了β效应、地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波产生的重要因素,说明了在缓变地形强迫效应和非线性作用相平衡的假定下,Rossby孤立波振幅的演变满足非齐次BDO方程,给出在切变基本气流下缓变地形和正压流体中Rossby波的相互作用.     

桁拖网渔具刚性栅栏对鱼类的分隔效率研究

东海捕虾桁拖网选择性能不佳,对渔业资源的保护和渔业的合理管理带来了负面的影响.刚性栅栏是实现拖网渔具种类选择性捕捞的主要装置,本文根据在吕四渔场开展刚性栅栏海上生产试验,结合SELECT模型分析不同栅条间距(15、20和25mm)的刚性栅栏对短吻舌鳎、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼的分隔效率.结果表明,随着栅条间距的增大,栅栏对鱼类的重量分隔率逐渐减小,分隔栅栏对鱼类的50%选择体长(L50S))逐渐增大;对于短吻舌鳎,个体接触分隔栅栏的概率可使用常数来表示,即接触概率与个体尺寸无关,接触概率在0.2-0.4之间,并随着栅条间距的增大而增大(不显著,P>0.05):对于小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼,所有进入网囊的个体都将接触刚性栅栏;不同鱼类接触栅栏概率的显著差异说明不同鱼类在网囊中的不同行为习性.     

南海上层海洋热含量的年际和年代际变化

分析了1959—1988年南海表面至100m垂直平均温度（TAV）资料，结果表明：南海上层海洋热含量存在明显的准两年、4—5年和年代际振动。在E1Nino年，南海上层热含量显著增加。50年代末至70年代初，南海TAV为负距平，此后转为正距平。南海TAV的变化与ENSO事件、东亚冬季风和热带大气环流的变异密切相关。     

基于遥感影像理解模型的土地利用时空变化监测——以龙口市为例

本文从遥感影像理解模型出发,探讨了遥感信息的知识发现及特征提取问题,特别针对士地利用研究领域,提出了纳入GIS信息的遥感影像综合理解模型,将GIS数据(主要包括高程和坡度)与遥感影像结合起来,从中发现知识,并将知识用于遥感影像的专题信息提取,建立了地学规律知识库,从而提高了遥感影像的分类精度。本文基于遥感影像理解模型,发现土地利用变化区域,提取变化信息,动态地监测了龙口市土地利用的时空变化情况。