BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

Age-metallicity relation for F-stars

We derived the age-metallicity relation for the solar neighbourhood from theuvby, H photometry of F-stars using the evolutionary models of Hejlesen (1980). It is shown that disk formation is divided into two phases according to the fast and slow collapse which accompany the initial rapid enrichment and slow increase of the metallicity of the galactic disk, respectively.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.     

青龙寺井田水文地质特征分析

青龙寺井田位于陕北侏罗纪煤田神府矿区新民开采区中部,地质构造简单,主要可采煤层为延安组3^-1和5^-2煤层。井田主要含水层为第四系冲积层孔隙潜水、侏罗系延安组裂隙承压水和烧变岩空洞裂隙潜水。含水层主要接受大气降雨的入渗补给,补给量较小,因而富水性较弱。分析认为：未来矿井开采时的主要充水通道为煤层采空区顶板冒落形成的导水裂隙带,充水强度与大气降雨关系密切,在暴雨或持续降雨、渗透条件较好时,充水量大,其余时段和层段的充水量较小;开采5^-2煤层时对顶板砂岩水应以疏放为主。     

南海西缘断裂带右行走滑的地球动力学机制

南海西缘断裂带,北端始于17°30'N附近的海南岛南部,往南延伸止于北西走向的卢帕尔断裂,南北延伸长度约达1 600 km,十分壮观(见图1)。该断裂带除了其名称和延伸长度在不同研究者的文章中各有所不同[1—4]之外,其名称和作用至少在20世纪80年代初已得到广泛的应用,早已成习惯,如在《亚洲地质》[5]一书和杨树康等[1]、陈国达[4]等许多著名科学家的论著中不断地得到了应用。该断裂带的构造地位和作用得到地学界的普遍重视,到目前为止地学界基本上认为它就是印支亚板块与南海亚板块之间的区域性边界断裂。     

华北克拉通~2.5Ga地壳再造事件：来自中条山TTG质片麻岩的证据

华北克拉通中部中条山区涑水杂岩是华北克拉通新太古代TTG质片麻岩地体之一。为了探讨华北克拉通新太古代构造-岩浆事件的性质及早前寒武纪地壳的形成和演化,选择涑水杂岩中TTG质岩石进行研究。研究表明这套TTG质岩石富Na、高Al、Sr,低Y、Cr、Ni含量。稀土元素配分曲线右倾,富Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这套TTG质片麻岩形成于2553～2561Ma,属新太古代晚期产物。锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果显示εHf(t)为正值,两阶段模式年龄集中在2.7～2.8Ga。结合涑水杂岩中TTG质片麻岩的岩石地球化学特征,认为这套TTG片麻岩可能主要来自2.7～2.8Ga的下地壳镁铁质岩石在新太古代晚期的部分熔融,可能有少量的地幔物质加入。考虑同期发育大量花岗质岩石的事实,说明新太古代晚期在华北克拉通中部并不存在大规模的俯冲作用,华北克拉通在新太古代晚期已经基本成型。结合前人研究成果和本文锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果,提出中条山区～2.5Ga岩浆事件代表一期重要的陆壳再造事件。     

西藏朱诺斑岩铜 钼 金矿区侵入岩锆石U Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其成矿意义

朱诺斑岩铜钼金矿位于冈底斯成矿带南缘,是近年来在冈底斯斑岩铜矿带最西端新发现的另一大型斑岩型铜-钼-金矿床,但一直以来对该矿区花岗岩年代学及成因分析缺乏系统的研究。本文选择矿区内主要岩浆岩体开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,Hf同位素研究。获得黑云母花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为14.14±0.32Ma,76 Hf/177 Hf介于0.282484~0.282750,εHf(t)介于-9.87~-0.49,二阶段模式年龄TDMC介于1.13~1.73Ga、似斑状二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为14.05±0.31Ma,176 Hf/177 Hf介于0.282633~0.282769,εHf(t)介于-4.61~0.21,二阶段模式年龄TDMC介于1.08~1.39Ga之间;角闪闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄为14.10±0.29Ma,除4.1号为继承锆石外,其余测点176 Hf/177 Hf介于0.282607~0.282761,εHf(t)介于-5.53~-0.07,二阶段模式年龄TDMC介于1.10~1.45Ga之间。年代学与Hf同位素结果表明,朱诺斑岩铜矿与斑岩铜矿带中段和东段成岩成矿时代一致,集中在15~13Ma之间,指示了冈底斯在中新世的构造岩浆活动事件。花岗岩Hf同位素组成明显与中-东段斑岩矿床不同,具有富集Hf同位素特征以及古老二阶段模式年龄(1.08~1.73Ga)等特点,反映出朱诺矿区中新世岩浆岩源区与中-东段中新世斑岩矿床明显不同,可能指示古老拉萨地体的印迹。     

柴北缘布衣坦乌拉山南东段桑格斯帕地区变质侵入体地质特征及成因探讨

变质侵入体主要分布于桑格斯帕地区,是从达肯大坂岩群中剔除的一套变质侵入体,和达肯大坂岩群一起构成欧龙布鲁克微陆块的变质基底。变质侵入体常量元素属高分异铝过饱和钾玄岩、高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩;微量元素显示岩石具火山弧花岗岩特点;稀土元素总体显示轻稀土较为富集、重稀土相对亏损。变质侵入体属于古元古代晚期因不同块体碰撞形成的具有挤压环境特征的火山弧花岗岩。     

Study of “bright spots” in seismic reflection data

"bright spot" on reflection seismic profile has been regarded as one of the important indications of oil and gas, and it has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration.Moreover, with the development of new technologies, "bright spot" technique has been gradually applied to the exploration of coal, underground water and other fields, and also in the research of deep structure of the earth.Based on the reviewing of published literatures, the authors described the structural features and generation of "bright spot" on seismic profile for energy resources exploration and crustal-scale deep seismic reflection profiles, and further summarized the applications of the "bright spot" technique in energy resource exploration and deep structure research.     

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.     

New methods for calculating bare soil land surface temperature over mountainous terrain

Land surface temperature(LST) causes the phase change of water, links to the partitioning of surface water and energy budget, and becomes an important parameter to hydrology, meteorology, ecohydrology, and other researches in the high mountain cold regions. Unlike air temperature, which has common altitudinal lapse rates in the mountainous regions, the influence of terrain leads to complicated estimation for soil LST. This study presents two methods that use air temperature and solar position,to estimate bare LST with high temporal resolution over horizontal sites and mountainous terrain with a random slope azimuth. The data from three horizontal meteorological stations and fourteen LST observation fields with different aspects and slopes were used to test the proposed LST methods. The calculated and measured LST were compared in a range of statistical analysis, and the analysis showed that the average RMSE(root mean square error),MAD(mean absolute deviation), and R~2(correlation coefficient) for three horizontal sites were 5.09℃,3.66℃, 0.92, and 5.03℃, 3.52℃, 0.85 for the fourteen complex terrain sites. The proposed methods showed acceptable accuracy, provide a simple way to estimate LST, and will be helpful for simulating the water and energy cycles in alpine mountainous terrain.