大连地区全新世泥炭沉积环境及海面波动*

采用孢粉分析及¹⁴C测年,本文认为大连沿海分布的泥炭层主要形成于中全新世中晚期及晚全新世早期的暖湿、温湿气候下富营养性湖沼环境。属草本植物为主的草本-木本型泥炭,沉积速度一般为0.7-1.1mm/a。全新世海侵,在辽宁海岸带约距今7000年以前达最大范围。近5000年来,海面在下降过程中有波动和稳定时期。     

Rapid,sensitive detection of Vibrio anguillarum using loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Vibrio anguillarum is an important bacterial pathogen of aquatic organisms and a significant problem in aquatic farming.The rapid detection and identification of V.anguillarum,and other pathogens that infect marine organisms,is crucial to effective disease management.In this study,we developed a loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assay to detect V.anguillarum in an hour in a single tube without the need for thermal cycling.Conserved regions of the metalloproteinase (empA) gene of V.anguillarum served as the targets for primer design.A fragment of the empA gene was amplified at 65°C in the presence of the primer mixture and Bst DNA polymerase.In the optimized LAMP assay,6.7 pg of V.anguillarum DNA could be detected.Six strains of V.anguillarum and 17 strains of non-V.anguillarum bacteria were used in this study to evaluate the species specificity of the primers.The six V.anguillarum strains gave a positive result in the LAMP assay.This method was also validated in V.anguillarum-infected fish.This LAMP method is more sensitive than PCR in the detection of V.anguillarum and shows good species specificity.The LAMP assay is therefore an effective method for the quick detection of V.anguillarum both in the laboratory and in the field.     

Chromosomal localization of 5S rDNA in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis): a chromosome-specific marker for chromosome identification

Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) is an economically important aquaculture species in China. However, cytogenetic and genomic data is limited in the organism partly because the chromosomes are difficult to isolate and analyze. In this study, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify the chromosomes of F. chinensis. The 5S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) of F. chinensis was isolated, cloned and then used as a hybridization probe. The results show that the 5S rDNA was located on one pair of homologous chromosomes in F. chinensis. In addition, triploid shrimp were used to evaluate the feasibility of chromosome identification using FISH and to validate the method. It was confirmed that 5S rDNA can be used as a chromosome-specific probe for chromosome identification in F. chinensis. The successful application of FISH in F. chinensis shows that chromosome-specific probes can be developed and this finding will facilitate further research on the chromosomes of penaeid shrimps.     

内蒙大青山山前活动断裂带的地震破裂分段特征

沿内蒙大青山山前活动断裂进行野外调查及探槽开挖的研究结果表明 ,该断裂西部地段及东部地段的最新活动时期在全新世中期以后及全新世晚期以前 ;中部地段在全新世晚期强烈活动 ,公元 84 9年包头地震的地表破裂沿该段展布。大青山山前台地与断层陡坎分布、洪积扇类型及河流阶地断错等地貌特征、全新世晚期断裂活动范围、沿断裂带探槽开挖获得的古地震事件对比 ,以及现今中小地震震中分布表明 ,全新世晚期大青山山前断裂的活动以土左旗为界 ,该界以西全新世晚期断裂强烈活动 ,该界以东全新世晚期断裂活动不明显。全新世时期大青山山前断裂的活动显示了由东向西的迁移     

能谱CT多参数成像在胰岛素瘤定位中的比较研究

目的：比较能谱CT多参数联合诊断与常规CT图像、最佳keV能量图、70 ke V单能量图像、碘基图在胰岛素瘤定位诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析病理证实的42例胰岛素瘤患者资料,通过能谱分析软件,选择70 ke V单能量值、最佳ke V能量图像和碘基图进行重建,观察能谱CT多参数联合诊断与常规CT图像、最佳keV能量图、70 keV单能量图像、碘基图的检出率。分析病例能谱CT进行腹部双期增强扫描。结果：动脉期和静脉期常规CT图像、70 keV能量、最佳keV能量图像、碘基图、能谱多参数图像的检出率分别为,69%（29）、71.4%（30/42）、90.5%（38/42）、90.5%（38/42）、92.9%（39/42）和47.6%（20）、47.6%（20）、64.3%（27）、69%（29）、76.2%（32）（表1）。动脉期能谱多参数图像检出率（92.9%）大于最佳keV图像检出率（90.5%）等于碘基图病灶检出率（90.5%）大于70 ke V图像（71.4%）大于常规CT图像（69.0%）,卡方检验Fisher精确概率法结果χ²=14.191,P=0.004,认为动脉期五组检出率具有统计学差异,其中以能谱多参数图像检出效能最高,常规CT图像最低;静脉期常规CT图像、70 keV能量、最佳keV能量图像、碘基图、能谱多参数图像的检出率比较,Pearson卡方结果χ²=11.724,P=0.02,认为静脉期五组检出率具有统计学差异。虽然动脉期检出率高于门静脉期,但部分胰岛素瘤仅在静脉期显影,因此能谱CT需要对动脉期和静脉期结合观察才能减少漏诊。     

末次间冰期以来西宁市河谷沉积与环境

在西宁市区开展的钻探工作,获得了河谷平原区第四系的分布及沉积特征。通过对沉积厚度最大部位的2个钻孔岩芯的地层岩性、年代测试、孢粉组合及粒度分析等,探讨了西宁河谷平原区晚第四纪沉积与环境的关系。认为现今西宁市河谷平原内的主体沉积——低阶地沉积及上覆黄土堆积主要是末次间冰期旋回形成,在暖湿气候条件下沉积河流相砂砾石层,在干冷气候期接受风成黄土堆积,推测T3阶地形成于距今7.4万年前后气候由暖湿向干冷的过渡时期。     

进口红土镍矿主要成分研究

红土镍矿进口量巨大、成分十分复杂且差异性大。为了比较全面了解进口红土镍矿的主要成分,以日照港为主,连云港、天津港为辅,从2013年1月至12月,按进港量多少,每月抽取11~25个样本,共228个。通过常量元素的全面分析,检出率大于35%的元素19个,分别是：镍、铁、氧、硅、镁、铝、铬、锰、钴、锌、钙、氯、钠、钾、钛、硫、钒、铜、磷等;其中,前10种全部检出;而含量全部大于1%的元素只有氧和铁。     

Expression profiles of penaeidin from Fenneropenaeus chinensis in response to WSSV and vibrio infection by real-time PCR

Penaeidin from Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) has proved to be one of the most important antimicrobial peptides in the bodies of animals. The relative quantitative real-time PCR method is developed to study through time, the mRNA expression profile of penaeidin in the muscle and haemoeyte tissue of Chinese shrimp infected with vibrio (Vibrio anguillarum) and WSSV (white spot syndrome virus). Research results showed that the same pathogens infection experiments produced similar gene expression profile in different tissues while different expression profiles appeared in the same tissues infected by different exterior pathogens. In vibrio infection experiments, a “U” like expression profile resulted. Expression levels of ponaeidin increased and surpassed the non-stimulated level, indicating that penaeidin from Chinese shrimp has noticeable antimierobial activities. In WSSV infection experiments, the expression profile appeared as an inverse ““““U““““ with the expression ofpenaeidin gradually decreasing to below baseline level after 24 h.The expression of antimierobial peptides gene in mRNA level in response to virus infection in shrimp showed that international mechanisms ofvirns to haemoeytes and microbial to haemoeytes are completely different. Decline of ponaeidins expression levels may be due to haemoeytes being destroyed by WSSV or that the virus can inhibit the expression ofponaeidins by yet undiscovered modes. The expression profiles of penaeidin in response to exterior pathogen and the difference of expression profiles between vibrio and WSSV infection provided some clues to further understanding the complex innate immune mechanism in shrimp.     

北京斋堂盆地黄土结构构造与形成环境

斋堂盆地的马兰黄土,是我国晚更新世标准地层之一。为了揭示该地黄土的生成及其形成古环境,本文着重对该盆地黄土进行了构造、结构、颗粒成分、碳酸盐以及铁锰集合体等综合研究。研究结果表明,斋堂盆地的马兰黄土同黄河中游的马兰黄土在组织结构、构造以及颗粒成分上极为类似,同属风成沉积;离石黄土同黄河中游离石黄土之间存在明显差异,在其形成过程中,曾经遭受过多次坡洪积作用参与。在马兰黄土中不遭受若干次冻融作用,表明