华南晚二叠世树皮煤的煤相特征及对比研究

我国华南的江西乐平、浙江长广和贵州水城地区以出产特种煤一树皮煤而闻名．其煤岩组分中含有特殊组分树皮体,该煤具有较高的挥发份、氢含量及焦油产率等化学特征,同时也具有良好的生烃潜力。相关的煤相研究可为该煤种树皮体的富集现象提供相应的成因信息。通过对各矿区煤层的煤岩学和矿物学的研究,发现主采煤层的显微组分均较富集树皮体,显微组分的形态特征及其组合关系反映主采煤层的形成环境为潮坪泥炭沼泽沉积环境。依据凝胶化指数（GI）、植物组织保存指数（TPI）、地下水流动指数（GWI）和植被指数（VI）力这4个煤相参数对其成因进行研究,根据各参数之间的关系图,确定了各矿区煤层成因信息的异同点．并对其所具有的不同地球化学特征进行了分析和解释。     

PSJ系列数字测井仪在工程勘察中的应用

在水利工程勘察中,利用PSJ系列数字测井仪测量自然伽马、长短源距人工伽马、视电阻率、井径、纵波速度等参数,并根据其相关曲线特征判定工程钻探中难以发现的软弱薄夹层、裂隙等地质隐患。其中裂隙在视电祖率和声波速度测井曲线上表现为低尖峰异常;而岩层破碎的表现则为小波速值、小密度值、小电阻率及大孔径值;另外在视电阻率和密度值均小的风氧化带区,根据纵波速度还可区分强、弱风氧化带。     

南北地震带与华北地块强震间的相关迁移

地震震源机制解和地应力实测结果表明, 我国大陆地区存在近似于辐射状的区域应力场, 其辐射中心位于青藏地块东部. 本文首先定义我国大陆应力场近似辐射中心(35°N、 100°E)为动力源点, 在此基础上计算了1900年以来我国大陆东部地区(30°N—44°N、 104°E—125°E)所发生的34次M_S≥6.0地震震中到动力源点的距离与地震发生时间的关系. 结果表明, 20世纪南北地震带中北段发生M_S≥7.0地震后, 华北地块陆续发生了一系列M_S≥6.0地震, 且有随时间从南北地震带附近大体向东迁移的规律. 据此说明, 华北地块的地震主要受控于印度板块作用下青藏地块向我国大陆东部挤压的影响, 在其作用下产生了华北地块M_S≥6.0地震的系列东向迁移活动. 总体来看有4组明显的地震迁移活动, 每组地震“序列”的迁移视速度约为80 km/a. 华北地块首发M_S≥6.0地震距南北地震带中北段最近一次M_S≥7.0地震的时间间隔约为1个月至11.8年, 且60%的M_S≥6.0地震发震地点在(39°N±1.5°)区域内. 据此推测, 2008年汶川M_S8.0和2013年芦山M_S7.0地震后, 华北地块近年存在发生M_S≥6.0地震的可能, 晋冀蒙交界和环渤海及其附近地区值得重点关注.      

广东省硫铁矿资源潜力分析

利用矿床模型综合地质信息矿产预测方法,在广东省已有硫铁矿床矿区地质、区域地质、物探、化探资料的基础上,对全省硫铁矿按矿产预测类型、预测工作区进行了最小预测区的圈定,使用地质参数体积法估算了硫铁矿的潜在资源量。以此为基础,将广东省最小预测区合理归并为找矿潜力区,按照资源丰度,分析了广东省内硫铁矿各潜力区的找矿潜力,得出广东省已有硫铁矿床的深部与外围仍有很大潜力,未知区找已有类型硫铁矿床也有很大潜力;同时提出优先开发大降坪、西牛、河朗、凡口、马口、大宝山、保安等地区的勘查部署建议。另外,笔者所应用的矿床预测类型分析、矿床类比、空间分析、归并计算的方法为其他省不同矿种的潜力分析提供了方法参考。     

基于层次分析的辽宁地区中强震预测指标体系及效能评估

本文从辽宁地区映震效果较好的预测指标出发,采用层次分析法建立了辽宁地区中强震预测指标体系,在此基础上,应用1～9比率标度法构建判断矩阵,进而计算各指标的权重.结果显示,10项映震效果较好的指标中,权重值居前3位的分别是短期预测指标中的前震序列、流体异常和b值.同时层次分析模型也给出了辽宁地区有无中强震的综合判定指标Y,Y值可较好地反映辽宁地区中强震的震兆强弱程度和异常可靠性,当Y≥1.41时(若有前震序列,则Y≥2.59),辽宁地区短期内存在发生中强震的危险.     

Early development of grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta)

Grateloupia turuturu is a commercial red alga with potential value in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. To supplement information on its life history and verify whether carpospores can be used for seedling culture, early development of G. turuturu was investigated under culture conditions (27°C, 10-13 mol/(m2.s) in irradiance, photoperiod 10:14 h L:D). Three physiological stages were recognized by continuous microscopic observation: division stage, discoid crust stage, and juvenile seedling stage. At the beginning of the division stage, the carpospores developed germ tubes into which the carpospore protoplasm was evacuated, and then the carpospore protoplasm in the germ tubes began to divide continuously until discoid crusts formed. Finally, upright thalli appeared on the discoid crusts and developed into juvenile seedlings. It took about 60 days for carpospores to develop into juvenile seedlings. The growth parameters, including germination rate for carpospores and discoid crust diameter, were recorded. These results contribute more information on the life cycle, and at the same time are of great significance in the scaling-up of artificial seedling cultures of G. turuturu.     

基于本源菌的褐煤生物气生成过程与可能途径

利用富集培养得到的本源产甲烷菌群对云南昭通褐煤样品进行生物气模拟实验,分析了褐煤生物气生成过程与可能 途径。结果显示,为期130 d 的褐煤生物气生成过程至少经历了两个产气高峰,第一高峰产气率高于第二高峰。本文认为第 一高峰期间生气母质主要为褐煤中的腐殖组分,第二高峰期间类脂组和惰质组的微生物降解程度相对增强。甲烷碳氢同位 素组成显示,模拟生物气主要通过乙酸发酵途径生成。模拟过程中,甲烷浓度和二氧化碳浓度具有相互消长的变化趋势, 甲烷碳同位素组成在模拟后期有变轻趋势,氢同位素则趋于变重,表明模拟过程后期生成的部分甲烷具有二氧化碳还原成因。     

黑吉蒙交界地区小震活动图像与附近中强震关系浅析

主要研究1970年以来东北地区历次中强震前,黑吉蒙交界地区小震活动图像特征,结果发现该区的小震活动集中与否对发生在嫩江断裂两侧的中强震有一定的指示意义,并结合地质构造和部分学者的研究成果对本研究结果进行了初步分析。     

Study on the Soil Carbon Pool and Potential Capacity of Carbon Sequestration in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

It is important to investigate the soil organic carbon reserves of the northern Tibetan Plateau for understanding the global carbon cycle. The surface soil carbon storage is 1.27×10⁸ t, and the surface topsoil organic carbon density is 4.96×10³ t/km² in the study area. Compared with the results of the second National Soil Census, the distribution of organic carbon reserves of chestnut soil, sierozem, alpine steppe soil, swamp soil, sandy soil and ustic cambisols increased gradually, which are mainly distributed in savanes of the northern Qinghai Lake and woodland in middle-high mountain areas of the eastern Qinghai Lake; savanes and woodland are classified as the carbon sink area because this area’s carbon sequestration is greater than the release quantity. By contrast, the distribution of organic carbon reserves of mountain meadow soil, alpine meadow soil, grey cinnamon soil, chernozem and anthropogenic-alluvial soil decreased gradually, which are mainly distributed in the farming areas of eastern Qinghai Province. This area’s carbon sequestration is less than the release quantity because of cultivation effect, and is classified as the carbon source area. The 97.5% of organic carbon storage cumulative frequency is closed to the threshold value of the organic carbon saturation. The carbon sequestration potential of the study area is 241.57×10⁶ t. Take the widely distributed chestnut soil as a case, it will take 18.66 years to reach saturation for the soil organic carbon reserves of chestnut soil.     

Effect of nonlinear advection on the Indian Ocean diploe asymmetry

The asymmetry of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)amplitudes between the positive and negative phases of the Indian Ocean dipole(IOD)are studied.The dynamic effects on it are analyzed using a hybrid coordinate ocean model(HYCOM).It suggests that the IOD is still asymmetric even when forced by a symmetric wind stress,and the asymmetry of the SSTA in the eastern pole is strong while that in the western pole is almost insignificant during the mature phase(September–November(SON)).Thus,the IOD asymmetry is primarily caused by the asymmetry in the IODE.A heat budget analysis is also conducted for the mixedlayer temperature in the eastern Indian Ocean(IODE),which indicates that a nonlinear ocean advection cools both the positive and negative IOD events.Therefore,the nonlinear ocean advection is responsible for the asymmetry of the IOD.