环境水利学在中国的兴起与发展

本文阐述了环境水利学的定义与内容,提出了环境水利学的五大任务,并根据每一个任务分别说明了在中国的发展情况。最后。提出了如何发展这一学科的一些设想.     

关于氡测量标定装置(氡室)和测量单位的统一

本文介绍了作者研制的8505—I型氡室,该氡室可用于准确和快速标定多种测氡装置。作者提出了相应的标定方法,并测定了野外常用的10种氡探测器的标定系数。根据法定计量单位选用了贝克(Bq)和贝克/升(Bq/L)。相应作为各种氡测量的[放射性]活度单位和氡浓度单位。     

303地区铀矿成矿地质条件分析

木文指出:303地区铀矿成矿的物源主要来自盆地北部、东北部、西北部的碳硅泥岩和含矿主岩本身;有机碳是铀的主要沉淀剂和富集剂;矿化形成于氧化-还原过渡带和弱还原带中;成矿年龄为124—107Ma,属成岩成矿为主的层控矿床。     

Finite Element Calculation of Creep Effects on Pile Foundation

The axisymmetric finite element technique is used in this paper to analyze the creep effects on pole foundation. Generalized Kelvin model and Bingham model are proposed to simulate the viscoelastic and viscoelastic behavior of soil respectively. Viscoelastic and viscoelastic strain incremental formulas are derived for interface elements and soil elements around piles and the axisymmetric elastic-viscoelastc-viscoplastic finite element program is compiled. Creep effects on the settlement of poles, the building load carried by raft and the distribution of stresses along piles are analyzed. In addition, the behavior of interface between pile and soil are investigated through experiment.     

Orogenic and Anorogenic Granitoids in the Altay Mountains of Xinjiang and Their Discrimination Criteria

On the basis of field geological studies of the granotoids in the region, mineralogical, petrological, geochemical(including stable isotope geochemical) and isotopic geochronological investigations were carried out on selected representative granitic bodies of various types. The authors have concluded that, apart from the bodies of the orogenic granitoid series, there also exist intrusions of the anorogenic granitoid series in the region. The intrusives of the two series were formed not only in different ages and tectonic environments, but also were derived from different sources of materials. Moreover, they are associated with different mineralizations, belonging to different minerologenetic series(Cheng et al., 1983). They show distinctly a series of discriminative criteria. The problems under discussion in the present paper are of important theoretical and practical significance in the studies of granites of the orogenic belt, particularly the studies of the genesis and related metallogeny of the granites of the region.     

边界单元法在电法勘探中的应用

本文用加权剩余法导出点源二维地电断面的边界单元法积分方程。通过付氏反变换,可获得三维空间的电位。若干模型上正演计算结果与解析解完全一致。对实测的ρ_s曲线进行了地形攻正及选择法反演拟合,解释结果与实际地质断面符合得很好。     

Strain partitioning and deformation mode analysis of the normal faults at Red Mountain, Birmingham, Alabama

In a low-temperature environment, the thin-section scale rock-deformation mode is primarily a function of confining pressure and total strain at geological strain rates. A deformation mode diagram is constructed from published experimental data by plotting the deformation mode on a graph of total strain versus the confining pressure. Four deformation modes are shown on the diagram: extensional fracturing, mesoscopic faulting, incipient faulting, and uniform flow. By determining the total strain and the deformation mode of a naturally deformed sample, the confining pressure and hence the depth at which the rock was deformed can be evaluated. The method is applied to normal faults exposed on the gently dipping southeast limb of the Birmingham anticlinorium in the Red Mountain expressway cut in Birmingham, Alabama. Samples of the Ordovician Chickamauga Limestone within and adjacent to the faults contain brittle structures, including mesoscopic faults and veins, and ductile deformation features including calcite twins, intergranular and transgranular pressure solution, and deformed burrows. During compaction, a vertical shortening of about 45 to 80% in shale is indicated by deformed burrows and relative compaction of shale to burrows, about 6% in limestone by stylolites. The normal faults formed after the Ordovician rocks were consolidated because the faults and associated veins truncate the deformed burrows and stylolites, which truncate the calcite cement. A total strain of 2.0% was caused by mesoscopic faults during normal faulting. A later homogenous deformation, indicated by the calcite twins in veins, cement and fossil fragments, has its major principal shortening strain in the dip direction at a low angle (about 22°) to bedding. The strain magnitude is about 2.6%. By locating the observed data on the deformation mode diagram, it is found that the normal faulting characterized by brittle deformation occurred under low confining pressure (< 18 MPa) at shallow depth (< 800 m), and the homogenous horizontal compression characterized by uniform flow occurred under higher confining pressure (at least 60 MPa) at greater depth (> 2.5 km).     

Gold concentration from well water by the hydroelectrical extraction method

An experimental survey of the gold concentrated from well water by a hydroelectrical extraction (HEE) method has been carried out in the famous Au metallogenic province in the eastern part of Shandong Province in northeastern China. This method is based on the existence of ionic Au in groundwater around ore bodies. Under the action of an external electric field, ionic Au migrates toward the cathode where the metal is absorbed by a special absorbent attached to the cathode. Promising areas for further exploration can be evaluated from the amount of Au in the absorbent.Distinct Au anomalies were discovered by the experimental survey. The results from the follow-up study of some of these anomalies have shown that most of them are related to the known placer Au deposits and to the primary Au occurrences. However, two new Au prospects and several new Au sources have been found which offer new targets for Au hunting in the area.The hydroelectrical extraction method is an effective technique of looking for Au in areas covered with transported overburden. Since the Au in well water can be concentrated on the cathode with the absorbent, the sensitivity requirement for Au analysis could be reduced. The method also provides a useful tool for the exploration of blind placer Au.