长株潭城市化进程中极端降水变化特征

利用陕西省延安市12个气象站建站至2013年7月的降水资料和延安市降水引发的地质灾害资料,从1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、日最大降水量、3 d连续最大降水量和月降水量等方面分析了延安市2013年7月连续降水的极端性和致灾特点。结果表明：延安市2013年7月全市平均降水量419 mm,为1 000 a一遇极端降水。过程累积地质灾害次数(D_L)和过程累计降水量(R_L)关系密切,两者关系可以用分段函数描述。延安市R_L＜137 mm时,无群发地质灾害;137mm≤R_L＜200 mm且日降水量(R_R)＜50 mm时,有群发地质灾害但较少;R_L≥200 mm或200 mm＞R_L≥137 mm且R_R≥50 mm时,群发地质灾害多。经济比较发达、防灾减灾能力较强的延安市宝塔区2013年7月降水量568 mm,超过1 000 a一遇,其R_L＜332 mm时,无群发地质灾害;R_L≥332 mm时,群发地质灾害多。

     

江苏文化产业时空格局及其影响因素研究

在明晰相关概念基础上,构建文化产业发展水平评价体系,运用定量方法分析江苏文化产业发展水平及其时空格局,研究表明：江苏文化产业发展过程呈现倒“U”型,发展态势显露转型性,发展水平具有非均衡性,发展格局呈现点轴趋向性,发展机制具有明显的外力驱动性。基于此,提出以下建议：强化政府调控,注重政策创新,促进江苏文化产业稳健发展;强化科技人才,注重市场激活,促进江苏文化产业转型发展;实施多元战略,注重因地制宜,实现区域文化产业特色发展;强化区域整合,注重优化布局,实现区域文化产业共同发展。     

基于2030年可持续发展目标的吉林省城镇化可持续发展评价

结合联合国2030年可持续发展目标（SDGs）构建城镇化可持续发展评价指标体系,从省内、外两个角度研究吉林省城镇化可持续发展状况。结果表明：吉林省城镇化可持续发展水平波动上升,发展趋势良好,大致可分为3个阶段;研究期内各子系统可持续发展水平均呈上升趋势,其中社会子系统上升幅度最大,经济子系统上升幅度最小。城镇化可持续发展水平空间格局呈“核心-边缘”结构,即长春市水平高、其它地区水平低;经济、社会、资源和环境子系统可持续发展水平总体上表现为“中东部高,西部低”。研究期内吉林省城镇化可持续发展水平低于黑龙江省,2015年后高于辽宁省;相较辽黑两省,吉林省社会子系统可持续发展水平较低。     

气候和人为因素对植被变化影响的评价方法综述

系统评价气候变化和人为因素引起的植被退化,对有效开展生态工程建设、实现生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。目前绝大多研究主要分析气候因素对植被变化的影响,分析气候因素和人类活动对植被变化的双重影响少有研究。本文主要介绍这一双重影响对植被变化的贡献程度的主要研究方法——定性-半定量法、回归分析法、残差趋势法、基于净第一生产力的评价方法。综述分析了气候和人为因素对植被变化驱动的主要结论,总结目前各研究方法存在的问题,提出了未来需要重点加强气候和人为因素对植被变化驱动因素的分解研究,加强模型评价和不确定性量化研究等。     

干旱区内陆河流域生态系统类型及其整治途——以新疆为例

干旱区内陆河流域生态系统类型,可按水资源的形成、转化、消耗、积蓄和排泄,结合地貌和植被划分为山地、水域、人工绿洲、自然绿洲和荒漠五大类型.各类型是在以荒漠为背景情况下,山地为基础,水域为主导,人工绿洲是核心,自然绿洲是屏障.流域生态系统整治途径是:治理山区环境,涵养保持水源;合理利用水源,维护生态稳定;建设人工绿洲,优化生存基地;保护自然绿洲,发挥生态效益;防治荒漠化扩大,减少危害程度.     

我国能源资源的现状及其合理利用问题

本文从讨论能源的概念和分类入手,阐述了我国能源资源的储量及其地理分布,并针对能源开发利用中的特点和问题,提出了合理利用我国能源资源的若干建议。     

贡嘎山区全新世冰川变化与泥石流发育的关系

贡嘎山区在全新世初期（１００００－７５００ａＢＰ），气候渐暖，冰川后退，泥石流发生频次剧增；中期（７５００－４０００ａＢＰ），出现高温气候，冰川强烈后退，沉积物则以冰水河流相为主；晚期（＜４０００ａＢＰ），气候转冷，出现新冰期。嗣后，气候转暖，但有三次明显的冰进过程；４００ａＢＰ前，气候再度转冷，出现小冰期。大量的泥石流点是出现在气候转暖、冰川退缩的初始阶段。     

A Voronoi neighborhood-based search heuristic for distance/capacity constrained very large vehicle routing problems

Local search heuristics for very large-scale vehicle routing problems (VRPs) have made remarkable advances in recent years. However, few local search heuristics have focused on the use of the spatial neighborhood in Voronoi diagrams to improve local searches. Based on the concept of a k-ring shaped Voronoi neighbor, we propose a Voronoi spatial neighborhood-based search heuristic and algorithm to solve very large-scale VRPs. In this algorithm, k-ring Voronoi neighbors of a customer are limited to building and updating local routings, and rearranging local routings with improper links. This algorithm was evaluated using four sets of benchmark tests for 200–8683 customers. Solutions were compared with specific examples in the literature, such as the one-depot VRP. This algorithm produced better solutions than some of the best-known benchmark VRP solutions and requires less computational time. The algorithm outperformed previous methods used to solve very large-scale, real-world distance constrained capacitated VRP.     

Changing climate affects vegetation growth in the arid region of the northwestern China

The northwestern China is a typical dry-land region of Inner Asia, where significant climate change has been observed over the past several decades. How the regional vegetation, particularly the grassland-oasis-desert complex, responds to such climatic change is poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated spatio-temporal changes in vegetation growth and their responses to a changing climate by biome and bioregion, using satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2003, along with corresponding climate data. Over the past 22 years, about 30% of the total vegetated area showed an annual increase of 0.7% in growing season NDVI. This trend occurred in all biomes and all bioregions except Sawuer, a subregion of the study area with no significant climate change. Further analyses indicated that NDVI change was highly correlated with the current precipitation and evapotranspiration in growing season but was not associated with temperature. We also found that NDVI was positively correlated with the preceding winter precipitation. These findings suggest that precipitation may be the key cause of vegetation growth in this area, even for mountain forests and grasslands, whose growth are often regarded to be limited by low temperate in winter and early spring.     

Global travertine deposition modulated by oscillations in climate

Travertine deposits are important records of past fluid flow in the Earth's crust, and document fluid migration through both tectonic activity and changes in climate. While many studies hint at possible relationships between travertine formation and global climate, none have investigated these connections on a global scale. Here we compile 1649 published travertine ages from six continents to test the hypothesis that global and/or regional changes in climate regulate travertine deposition. Peaks in bedded travertine ages occur with main frequencies that correspond to 100‐kyr changes in global climate, where most peaks occur during glacial terminations or interglacial periods, including a large peak that coincides with the Early Holocene climatic optimum. Time–series analysis also suggests a possible connection with 41‐kyr obliquity cycles. At regional scales, many peaks also correspond with local times of high precipitation or wet conditions. This can be attributed to higher groundwater recharge rates, providing the necessary water to form travertine. Many bedded travertine‐depositing systems may therefore be water‐limiting and sufficient CO₂ may be present even during times of no travertine deposition. Exceptions to this conclusion are banded vein travertine deposits, which typically form during times of dry climate when water tables are low. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.