南极中山站石榴石变粒岩的岩石学矿物学及其变质作用研究

本文报道了南极拉丝曼丘陵“中山站”石榴石变粒岩的岩石学和矿物化学特征;确定了其矿物组合及世代演化关系,利用电子探针分析了其特征变质矿物的化学组成,最后推断东南极拉丝曼丘陵地区曾发生过麻粒岩相变质作用和混合岩化作用。     

南海东北部台风潮的数值后报及极值增水估计

本研究对近40年来影响南海东北部陆架海区的28次台风引起的风暴潮进行了数值后报,其中8个过程的沿岸后报增水值与实测值进行了比较,表明后报值与实测值符合良好,90%以上的最大增水值偏差在30厘米以下。为了得出本海区多年一遇的台风增水极值,在后报台风路径密集处选择了9个不同水深点,对每点取出各次台风下的最大增水值,然后用Weibull分布进行拟合,得出了各点的极值分布。     

台湾海峡中、北部上升流区浮游有孔虫的生态研究

分析１９８７—１９８８年在台湾海峡中、北部用浮游生物网采集的水层中的浮游有孔虫标本，研究调查海区浮游有孔虫的生态分布特征及其与海水温度和盐度的关系。结果表明：该海区浮游有孔虫计有１６种，以泡抱球虫Ｇｌｏｂｉｇｅｒｉｎａｂｕｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ为主要优势种类，其次是袋拟抱球虫Ｇｌｏｂｉｇｅｒｉｎｏｉｄｅｓｓａｃｃｕｌｉｆｅｒ和红拟抱球虫Ｇ．ｒｕｂｅｒ。在夏季的７月和８月（特别是７月），浮游有孔虫密集在福建中部沿岸的南日岛至闽江口外海海域一带沿岸水域，其中９０％以上的个体由泡抱球虫组成。此现象推测与夏季出现在福建沿岸的上升流活动有关。     

频率域电磁法中视电阻率全区定义

视电阻率定义在电法勘探中得到广泛的应用。目前在频率域电磁法中常常采用远区视电阻率定义。由于在频率域中收发距并非足够大,以致在低频段远区定义视电阻率往往不能反映地下电阻率值。我们定义全区电阻率及引入校正系数K,经二层三层模型及野外实测资料的计算,证明了方法的有效性。     

Monotone Regression and Correction for Order Relation Deviations in Indicator Kriging

The indicator kriging (IK) is one of the most efficient nonparametric methods in geo-statistics. The order relation problem in the conditional cumulative distribution values obtained by IK is the most severe drawback of it. The correction of order relation deviations is an essential and important part of IK approach. A monotone regression was proposed as a new correction method which could minimize the deviation from original quintiles value, although, ensuring all order relations.     

基于边优先的任意多边形最优三角剖分

针对现有多边形三角剖分算法不能同时兼顾算法的简单有效性、适用性以及剖分三角网质量的问题,提出一种基于边优先的任意多边形最优化三角剖分算法:首先直接对多边形的边进行构网,最后再对生成的非约束边进行构网,最终完成整个多边形的三角剖分。剖分得到的三角网为约束Delaunay三角网,网形稳定、最优,算法简单,执行效率较高,且适用于任意复杂多边形。实验证明了该算法的合理性和有效性,较好地解决了现有多边形三角剖分算法存在的问题。     

基于矿物学方法评价浙江省土壤中Pb污染状况

利用土壤重金属元素环境质量矿物学评价方法,对淅江省全境土壤中不同土壤类型(或亚类)表层、不同母质表层和剖面中的Pb进行环境质量评价的结果表明,土壤中Pb的实测量和土壤对Pb的固持量决定了土壤中Pb的环境质量,浙江省土壤中Pb的污染度有正负值,说明土壤中的Pb对有些地区产生了污染,而对有些地区则没有产生污染.研究结果揭示,土壤矿物对Pb具有一定的固定与容纳能力,超过其固定与容纳能力,土壤中的Pb会对环境造成污染.这一旨在揭示土壤中重金属元素与各种矿物之间环境平衡关系的方法,可为评价土壤环境质量提供科学依据和技术支撑.     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

Changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under the interaction between sunlight and phosphate in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary

We conducted ship-board incubation experiments to investigate changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under different phosphate concentrations and irradiances in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters in China. Under 100% natural irradiance the uptake rates of phosphate, silicate, and nitrate were accelerated at high phosphate levels （1.84 μM）, while under low irradiance （about 50% natural irradiance） their uptake rates were restrained at the high but stimulated greatly at the intermediate phosphate concentrations （1.26 μM）, as the growth of phytoplankton, changes in nitrite and ammonium uptake didn＇t follow an obvious pattern. Our results also showed that there were linear relationships between nitrate, silicate and phosphate uptake at different phosphate concentrations under low and high irradiances, and the growth period of phytoplankton was prolonged both at the high phosphate concentrations under high irradiance and at the intermediate concentrations under low irradiance, suggesting that the limitation of phytoplankton growth mainly reflected changes in its growth period, and because no such environment （low irradiance and low phosphate concentrations） actually existed in a high turbidity zone, phytoplankton blooms hardly occurred there. In the absence of irradiance, denitrification occurred readily and phytoplankton was kept decreasing, which resulted in phosphate regeneration.     

石笋流体包裹体中的惰性气体及其在重建长江中游古温度变化中的作用

文中讨论了一种评估古气温变化的新方法。我们成功地利用石笋流体包裹体所捕获的Xe/Ar比值,重建了末次冰盛期以来盛行东亚季风的长江中游地区的气候演化。一种表达成ln(CXe/CAr)的对数式被证明与冷暖周期变化具有密切的关系。从研究的石笋中所提出的δ13C与Mg/Ca曲线一般随区域古气温波动而变化,但不能排除其中有另类气候信号的叠加。我们的工作则明确地指出,流体包裹体所记录的Xe/Ar在各种反映温度变化的替代指标中可能是最好的一种。整体而言,ln(CXe/CAr)曲线与那些基本随暖期和冷期振荡的曲线保持一致。将稀有气体曲线与δ13C和Mg/Ca信号整合对比之后,我们在研究区划分出末次冰盛期以来8组暖/冷旋回。整合后的气温变化模式合理地解释了过去20000年里的区域环境变化。