油气盆地低渗透储层裂缝预测研究现状及进展

我国拥有相当数量裂缝型低渗储层的地质储量,在我国油气生产中起举足轻重的作用。系统开展低渗储层中裂缝特征和分布规律研究预测,无疑对我国的低渗透储层油气勘探开发具有指导作用。目前,国内外在油气盆地低渗透储层中对裂缝预测及评价已经形成了很多富有特色的方法,但是由于裂缝成因的复杂性、发育的多阶段性,对低渗储层裂缝的预测及评价研究还处于探索阶段。本文较为系统地综述了油气盆地低渗透储层裂缝预测研究现状与进展、不同成因的裂缝预测方法、裂缝研究存在问题和解决方法。     

考虑土拱效应刚性挡墙土压力研究

基于库仑土压力理论,假定刚性挡墙后主应力拱迹线为抛物线,推导了主、被侧土压力系数和水平微分单元间摩擦系数的理论公式,得到改进的主、被动土压力计算公式。研究表明：考虑土拱效应计算结果与模型试验结果吻合比较好。主动极限状态下,土体内摩擦角越小,墙土接触面上外摩擦角越大,土拱效应越明显,主动土压力合力作用点越上移;被动极限状态下,土体内摩擦角和墙土接触面上外摩擦角越大,土拱效应越明显,被动土压力合力点越往下移。     

孙村煤矿采空塌陷的危险性预测评估与防治措施

煤矿塌陷是煤矿地质灾害危险性评估的核心内容。本文以孙村煤矿为例,进行了采空塌陷的危险性预测,并提出了防治措施。     

安徽月山岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义

月山岩体是长江中下游成矿带中安庆-贵池矿集区内月山矿田中最重要的中酸性侵入岩体.本文对月山岩体主要岩石--闪长岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,得到年龄值为138.7±0.5Ma,表明岩体形成于早白垩世.该结果与铜陵等地的高钾钙碱性中酸性侵入岩的形成时代类似,但早于月山矿田内的花岗质岩体和庐枞盆地、宁芜盆地中的岩浆岩.在综合区内已有的岩石学、地球化学和成矿年代学资料的基础上,认为月山矿田内的铜金铁成矿作用与月山岩体的形成有着密切的成因联系,二者在时间上是一个连续的过程,皆发生于燕山期,成岩成矿作用过程发生于区域挤压-拉张过渡的构造背景.     

基于统一强度理论的柱形孔扩张问题研究

考虑了岩土材料的软化和剪胀特性,利用空间轴对称问题的统一强度理论分析了柱形孔扩张问题,求出了岩土材料在柱形孔扩张时的应力场、应变场、位移场和最终扩张压力的统一解表达式。对蒋明镜-沈珠江扩孔公式从不同的方面作了论述。通过算例分析了岩土材料的软化和剪胀特性以及统一强度理论参数对应力场、位移场和扩张压力的影响。已有的关于该问题的Tresca解和Mohr-Coulomb解均为本文的一个特例。     

汶川8.0级地震前BSQ型数字垂直摆倾斜仪观测到的地形变异常现象

地倾斜连续观测是地壳形变观测研究中重要内容。汶川8.0级地震前,布设在四川德阳金河测点的新型BSQ型数字垂直摆倾斜仪观测到了明显的地形变异常现象。分析其观测结果可知,汶川8.0级地震前约半月时间内德阳金河测点的地倾斜运动速度较过去的平均运动水平提高了数十倍,且震前地表快速倾斜的方向在N25°W左右。除此之外,德阳金河BSQ型数字垂直摆倾斜仪测点还观测到较为完整的,对应于可以反映地表应力集中、释放过程的震前地表破裂过程。上述现象为今后研究强震孕育机理提供了重要的信息。介绍与分析了布设在龙门山断裂带附近的其它类型地倾斜仪在震前的观测结果。事实证明,BSQ型数字垂直摆倾斜仪在强震前的浅表过程监测中具有重要意义,值得在今后的地震前兆台网工作中进行推广。     

即时合成层状双氢氧化物处理酸性大红GR染料实验研究

印染废水是重要的工业污染源之一,研究新的印染废水脱色技术是水污染控制技术领域重要课题之一。以酸性大红GR为典型代表,初步研究了镁-铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)处理阴离子型染料溶液的效果、影响因素和染料去除机理。结果表明,镁-铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成LDH对酸性大红GR染料溶液有非常好的脱色效果,影响处理效果的主要因素是Mg/Al比和pH值。在pH值8.5~10.0,Mg/Al比2∶1~4∶1,都可以获得较好的净化效果,酸性大红GR染料浓度0.65 mmol/L时,染料去除率达99%。其净化机理是,当在染料溶液中投加Mg2 、Al2 溶解盐和NaOH时,Mg2 、Al3 水解共沉淀形成LDH的同时,染料阴离子以平衡LDH结构电荷的形式进入LDH结构层间,含有染料的LDH通过沉淀分离从溶液中去除。     

Development Phases and Mechanisms of Tectonic Fractures in the Longmaxi Formation Shale of the Dingshan Area in Southeast Sichuan Basin, China

Shale gas has currently attracted much attention during oil and gas exploration and development. Fractures in shale have an important influence on the enrichment and preservation of shale gas. This work studied the developmental period and formation mechanism of tectonic fractures in the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Dingshan area of ??southeastern Sichuan Basin based on extensive observations of outcrops and cores, rock acoustic emission (Kaiser) experiments, homogenization temperature of fracture fill inclusions, apatite fission track, thermal burial history. The research shows that the fracture types of the Longmaxi Formation include tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and horizontal slip fractures. The main types are tectonic high-angle shear and horizontal slip fractures, with small openings, large spacing, low densities, and high degrees of filling. Six dominant directions of the fractures after correction by plane included NWW, nearly SN, NNW, NEE, nearly EW and NW. The analysis of field fracture stage and fracture system of the borehole suggests that the fractures in the Longmaxi Formation could be paired with two sets of plane X-shaped conjugate shear fractures, i.e., profile X-shaped conjugate shear fractures and extension fractures. The combination of qualitative geological analysis and quantitative experimental testing techniques indicates that the tectonic fractures in the Longmaxi Formation have undergone three periods of tectonic movement, namely mid-late Yanshanian movement (82–71.1 Ma), late Yanshanian and middle Himalaya movements (71.1–22.3 Ma), and the late Himalayan movement (22.3–0 Ma). The middle-late period of the Yanshanian movement and end of the Yanshanian movement-middle period of the Himalayan movement were the main fracture-forming periods. The fractures were mostly filled with minerals, such as calcite and siliceous. The homogenization temperature of fracture fill inclusions was high, and the paleo-stress value was large; the tectonic movement from the late to present period was mainly a slight transformation and superposition of existing fractures and tectonic systems. Based on the principle of tectonic analysis and theory of geomechanics, we clarified the mechanism of the fractures in the Longmaxi Formation, and established the genetic model of the Longmaxi Formation. The research on the qualitative and quantitative techniques of the fracture-phase study could be effectively used to analyze the causes of the marine shale gas fractures in the Sichuan Basin. The research findings and results provide important references and technical support for further exploration and development of marine shale gas in South China.     

陕西省山阳县夏家店金(钒)矿床成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

陕西省山阳县夏家店金(钒)矿床金矿体受赋矿层位(黑色岩系地层)及断裂构造双重因素控制,在走向上呈尖灭再现的透镜状产出.目前勘查程度仅限于矿区范围内,且勘查深度仅为地表以下300m左右.根据矿区多个金矿体地质特征及赋存位置,总结其控矿特征和成矿规律.分析认为矿区边部和深部具有很大的找矿潜力.     

昆仑山北坡岛状冻土区西大滩大型饮用矿泉群成因分析

在对昆仑山北坡岛状冻土区西大滩大型饮用矿泉群水文地质、导水与控水断裂、水化学等方面实地调查和EH-4高频、电测深勘探的基础上,认为矿泉群的补给源为昆仑山玉珠峰一带的现代冰川底部冰雪覆盖融区水、冰雪消融水、大气降水和地表水.补给源水通过具多期活动性的F3和F4正断层组破碎带补给深层地下水.深层地下水在西倾近南北向正断层组F2及F2-1,2的导水断层破碎带富集并继续向北径流,径流至F1南倾活动性逆断层上盘时,形成富水"三角区",并沿F1断层破碎带排泄出地表,是西大滩大型饮用矿泉群形成的主因.