东海北部的一个气旋型涡旋

东海北部是几个流系交汇的地方，东有黄海暖流向西北流人黄海，西有所谓黄海沿岸流南下，南有黑潮北上余脉；另外，在夏季，上层还有长江冲淡水的影响(见图1)。因此，这里的水文状况相当复杂，曾引起了不少中外学者的注意。井上尚文根据1969年11月在该海区投放的海底漂流器资料分析的结果表明，济州岛西南海域的底层流，在秋、冬两季为一范围相当大的反时针水平环流。胡敦欣等进一步指出，夏季在大约以31°30’N，125°30''E为中心，尺度为100-200km 的范围内存在着一个气旋型涡旋；阐明了这一涡旋形成的动力原因(黄海暖流、黄海沿岸流和黑潮北上余脉之间的相互作用)和热力学因子(黄海冷水的南伸)；对这一海区海底圆形软泥沉积的形成机制作了简要的说明，并依此推测这一涡旋的常年存在。近几年来，我们又作过多次专题性调查，取得了较好的资料。本文旨在进一步论证这一涡旋的常年存在，阐明其多年变化，探讨引起这种变化的原因，并讨论几个有关的问题。     

137°经向断面温、盐度的年际变异

系统地分析了１３７°Ｅ断面温、盐度的多年变化,主要结果为：（１）１３７°Ｅ断面１００ｍ层温度,在低纬度海域于某些年份出现异常低温,此现象可能与厄尔尼诺事件有关;指出棉兰老冷涡的存在是造成该断面于６°～８°Ｎ附近出现低温的主要原因．（２）厄尔尼诺期间,冬季１３７°Ｅ断面上２８℃等温线所在纬度小于其多年平均值．（３）冬季１３７°Ｅ断面上次表层高盐水可划分为强型、次强型、中等型和弱型４种类型．     

Volume and heat transports and material fluxes in the East China Sea during April 1994

INTRODUCTIONTherehavebeenmanystudiesandcomputationsonVToftheKuroshiointheEastChinaThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49476278.Asanditsvacation.Forexample,(1)basedonhydrographicobservationsatactionG(PN)f...     

关于浙江沿岸上升流的成因及动力结构的研究

上升流即海洋中持续垂直向上的海水运动,这种运动在海洋中是比较普遍的,但是，就其大小而言,却有着巨大的差异——可达几个数量级。所以,只有在那些量值较大的区域才引起人们的注意;而在量值较小的区域由于表象不够显著——对各种特征场特别是温度场的影响不太明显,往往被人们所忽视。 尽管上升流的流速与水平流速相比甚小,一般在10-5-10-2厘米/秒范围内(大约相当于每天1厘米至10米),但其作用却是巨大的。首先,就整个海洋来说,它是海洋环流不可分割的一个组成部分,是上层水与下层水沟通交换的渠道。其次，上升流在生产实践中具有十分重要的意义,它对渔业生产有着巨大的影响,它能将富含营养盐的中、下层水带到强光合作用层,为浮游植物提供充分的养料,从而促进鱼类佴料的繁殖。海洋中出现上升流的区域仅占世界整个海洋面积的1‰左右,但上升流区的渔获量却占全世界总产量的50%左右；我国浙江近海、海南岛东南水域以及汕头外海诸上升流区同时均为良好渔场。因此,沿岸上升流越来越引起人们的重视。 从现有文献来看,我国近海。在渤海、黄海、东海和南海四个海区都有上升流存在,如渤海中部、黄海冷水团区、浙江近海、汕头外海以及海南岛东南沿海等。但是,关于这一现象,除少数海洋工作者曾提及过外,至今还缺乏专门的研究。 本文旨在利用现有的海流、水温、盐度和气象资料,就浙江沿岸(见图1)上升流产生的动力来源及环流模式进行初步的分析研究,提出粗路估算上升流的方法、指标,并提出尚待进一步解决的几个问题。所用资料主要是1958-1960年全国海洋普查、1963-1966年标准断面以及我所六十年代以来(到1973年)观测的有关资料。此外,还用了国家海洋局和浙江省气象局所提供的部分海流资料及沿岸合站的水文气象资料。     

An approach to prediction of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset

In the present paper, correlation between the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSSM） onset and heat content in the upper layer of the warm pool in the western Pacific Ocean is examined using the Scripps Institution of Oceanography dataset for the period of 1955-1998 and an approach to prediction the SCSSM onset is proposed. Correlation showes that there exists interdecadal variability of the SCSSM onset demarcated by 1970 with the largest correlation coefficient in the area west of the center of the warm pool rather than near its centers, implying certain effect from other factors involved besides ENSO. As the correlation is poor for the period before 1970, the heat content anomaly of the warm pool after 1970 is used to indicate early or late onset of the SCSSM beforehand. An ideal representative area （1°×1°） for the warm pool heat content was determined with its center at 3°N/138°E. The nearest TAO （TAO-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean-array） mooring to the center is at 2°N/137°E, and chosen to calculate the heat content for prediction. It is suggested that the TAO mooring at 2°N/137°E could be used to predict the SCSSM onset with the heat content in the upper layer, if the correlation between the SCSSM onset and the heat content of the warm pool runs like that of after 1970. On the other hand, if the situation does like the one before 1970, the representative station is determined at 13°S/74°E with relatively poor correlation, meaning that the warm pool in the western Pacific Ocean plays more important role in the SCSSM onset than the Indian Ocean.     

热带印度洋Rossby波的基本特征

<正>海洋斜压长Rossby波在海洋动力学中占据重要地位,是物理海洋学研究的一个重要任务。它维持并影响大洋西边界流,是海盆内能量传播的主要机制,是海洋对大气驱动的主要响应现象(Pedlosky,1979;Gill,1982)。20世纪70年代以来,XBT资料的积累使人们能够从水文资料中,特别是次表层海温的变化中发现大尺度Rossby波的存在依据(White,1977;Kessler,1990),且集中在     

A THEORETICAL SOLUTION FOR THE THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION IN THE SOUTHERN YELLOW SEA

Application of the thermocline equations in the thermocline areas and the boundary layer and the asymptotic matching techniques in each boundary in order to satisfy the surface and bottom conditions yielded a theoretical 2- D solution of the vertical thermohaline circulation of the Southern Yellow Sea in summer when the quasi-statically varying seasonal thermocline (density layer) is the background density structure , the deviations from which cause the secondary vertical circulation . The results show that the thermocline can be considered as an internal boundary or a barrier to the vertical heat advection so that in the central areas of the Southern Yellow Sea or the center of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YCWM)> the downwelling in the upper layer and upwelling in the lower or bottom layer form a double cell vertical circulation . The solution is similar to Hu's conceptual model ( 1986) in the central areas of the YCWM and is consistent with observed temperature . salinity and dissolved oxygen distri     

太平洋和印度洋在南海夏季风爆发年代际变化中的作用

利用1951～1998年多种大气和海洋资料,研究了太平洋和印度洋在南海夏季风爆发中的作用.结果表明,影响南海夏季风爆发早晚的因素存在着年代际变化:1951～1970年,印度洋起主要作用;1970～1998年西太平洋起主要作用.该年代际变化主要是1970年前后北极涛动(AO)的跃变以及西太平洋副高强度变化的结果.1951...     

A time-dependent baroclinic model on NEC bifurcation

As it is well-known, the North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcates into the Kuroshio flowing northward and the equatorward Mindanao Current, which is well depicted by Munk’s theory in 1950 in terms of its climatology. However, Munk’s theory is unable to tell the NEC bifurcation variability with time. In the present paper, a time-dependent baroclinic model forced by wind, in which temporal and baroclinic terms are added to Munk’s equation, is proposed to examine the seasonal variability of the NEC bifurcation latitude. An analytical solution is obtained, with which the seasonal variability can be well described: NEC bifurcation reaches its northernmost position in December and its southernmost position in June with a range of about 1° in latitude, consistent with previous results with observations. The present solution will degenerate to Munk’s one in the case of steady and barotropic state.     

Effect of low-frequency Rossby wave on thermal structure of the upper southwestern tropical Indian Ocean

We investigate the influence of low-frequency Rossby waves on the thermal structure of the upper southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) using Argo profiles, satellite altimetric data, sea surface temperature, wind field data and the theory of linear vertical normal mode decomposition. Our results show that the SWTIO is generally dominated by the first baroclinic mode motion. As strong downwelling Rossby waves reach the SWTIO, the contribution of the second baroclinic mode motion in this region can be increased mainly because of the reduction in the vertical stratification of the upper layer above thermocline, and the enhancement in the vertical stratification of the lower layer under thermocline also contributes to it. The vertical displacement of each isothermal is enlarged and the thermal structure of the upper level is modulated, which is indicative of strong vertical mixing. However, the cold Rossby waves increase the vertical stratification of the upper level, restricting the variability related to the second baroclinic mode. On the other hand, during decaying phase of warm Rossby waves, Ekman upwelling and advection processes associated with the surface cyclonic wind circulation can restrain the downwelling processes, carrying the relatively colder water to the near-surface, which results in an out-of-phase phenomenon between sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the SWTIO.