Variation in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity along the hillslope of collapsing granite gullies

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) affects the soil hydrological process and is influenced by many factors that exhibit strong spatial variations. To accurately measure K_s and its scale, spatial variability and relationship with collapsing gullies, we analysed four double-ring infiltrometer diameters in three soil layers during in situ experiments designed to measure K_s in two typical collapsing gullies (three slope sites) in Tongcheng County of China. The results showed that K_s increased with increasing inner ring diameter, but no significant difference existed between inner diameters of 30 and 40 cm. The K_s in red soil layers was higher than that in sandy soil layers, the transition layers had the lowest values. K_s also varied with slope position, gradually decreasing with distance from the gully head. The suggestion is that the spatial variation in K_s is affected not only by the intrinsic soil properties but also by the interaction with the collapsing gully.     

鹤壁市夏季一次雹暴过程的成因分析

运用天气图、物理量场、卫星云图、雷达回波及相关气象资料,分析了2005年6月19日发生在鹤壁的雷雨大风、并伴有局地冰雹的强对流天气过程.结果表明:在低层θse高能舌区内,地面冷锋移到 500 hPa高空急流出口区下方左侧时,高低空次级环流耦合,触发不稳定能量释放、产生强烈的上升运动,是这次强对流天气产生的直接原因.     

岩石弹脆性分维损伤本构模型

本文定义岩石构元中破裂面的分维值为各向同性损伤变量,而各个方向上裂纹面的累加量定义为各向异性损伤变量,并根据裂纹发育特征提出了损伤变量演化方程,从而建立起岩石脆性变形破坏过程的分维损伤本构模型。最后,利用该模型对大理岩单轴压缩应力应变曲线进行了模拟,结果说明本文提出的模型是较为合理的。     

基于矩阵模型进行抗荧光干扰的蓝藻原位检测方法

藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a作为特征色素常用于表征蓝藻的生物量.藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a通常用荧光光谱或原位荧光强度检测,但是在实际水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a的荧光效应相互干扰会影响测量精度,极大限制了该方法的应用.本文根据朗伯比尔定律,利用二阶矩阵模型设计了一套在荧光检测过程中"激发光-发射光"优化抗干扰的波长选择方法,并利用多元线性回归分析建立了两种色素浓度与荧光强度之间的多元校正线性模型,实验验证了所筛选蓝藻荧光分析法中特定激发光和发射光波长的有效性.本研究实现了两种色素检测过程中的成功解耦,可在藻蓝蛋白的原位检测中排除水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a之间的相互干扰,提高藻蓝蛋白和叶绿素a的原位检测精度,为开发便携式蓝藻检测传感器时的波长选择提供理论基础.     

淮河流域大气环流型在冬季气温预测中的应用

应用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法,根据由1970—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐日海平面气压场计算得到的环流指数,对淮河流域的环流进行分型。分析了冬季主要环流型和气温的分布特征及两者的联系,并以环流指数和主要环流型为预测因子,结合经验正交函数分解(EOF)方法和逐步回归方法,建立了淮河流域冬季气温距平的预测模型。结果表明,淮河流域冬季的主要环流型是东北风型、东风型、反气旋环流型以及东北风、东风配合下的反气旋性环流型,划分的环流型符合实际情况,这些环流型具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征。通过对预测模型进行后报试验和独立预报试验,表明该模型具有一定的预报技巧。     

一九七九年夏季亚洲季风区上空的区域能量分析

本文用美国气象中心(NWC)1979年6—8月资料计算了亚洲季风区上空的瞬变涡动动能、区域的热源和能量变化。计算结果表明,1979年夏季印度季风区的印度半岛和孟加拉湾地区,东亚季风区的南海和西太平洋地区,我国东部大陆地区都是扰动活动频繁的地方,其对流层上部表现为强热源;南半球西印度洋热带地区和澳大利亚地区热带扰动不活跃,其上空为冷源区。 再有印度季风区扰动发展是正压不稳定和斜压不稳定,以后者为主;东亚季风区扰动发展靠斜压转换而来;大陆东部地区扰动发展也主要靠斜压转换过程。而南半球西印度洋热带地区和澳大利亚地区是通过和中纬度西风带大气的侧向耦合获得能量,并通过跨赤道气流的扰动把能量转送到北半球季风区。     

东南沿海海堤现状调研报告（福建部分）

这部分是福建省正在建设中的四大海堤现状调研，包括达标设计各项指标及其加高加固的技术经验。同时调研了围海工程堵口海堤的施工过程，并对灌砂防渗措施加以评述。最后介绍了兴化湾的莆田海堤试验站和木兰陂水利工程     

Spatio-temporal evolution of urban innovation structure based on zip code geodatabase: An empirical study from Shanghai and Beijing

In today’s world, the innovation of science and technology has become the key support for improving comprehensive national strength and changing the mode of social production and lifestyle. The country that possesses world-class scientific and technological innovation cities maximizes the attraction of global innovation factors and wins a strategic initiative in international competition. Based on the urban zip code geodatabase, an evaluation system of urban innovation with the perspective of innovation outputs, and the spatial evolutionary mode, concerning the structure of innovation space of Shanghai and Beijing from 1991 to 2014, was developed. The results of the research indicated that the zip code geodatabase provided a new perspective for studying the evolving spatial structure of urban innovation. The resulting evaluation of the spatial structure of urban innovation using the urban zip code geodatabase established by connecting random edge points, was relatively effective. The study illustrates the value of this methodology. During the study period, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated many common features: with the increase in urban space units participating in innovation year by year, the overall gap of regional innovation outputs has narrowed, and the trend towards spatial agglomeration has strengthened. The evolving spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated differences between the common features during the 25 years as well: in the trend towards the suburbanization of innovation resources, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai evolved from a single-core to a multi-core structure. A radiation effect related to traffic arteries as spatial diffusion corridors was prominent. Accordingly, a spatial correlation effect of its innovation outputs also indicated a hollowness in the city center; the spatial structure of innovation of Beijing had a single-core oriented structure all the way. Together with the tendency for innovation resources to be agglomerated in the city center, the spatial correlation effect of innovation outputs reflected the characteristics of the evolutionary feature where “rural area encircles cities”. The innovation spatial structure of Shanghai and Beijing have intrinsic consistency with the spatial structure of their respective regions (Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region), which suggested that the principle of proportional and disproportional distribution of a city-scale pattern of technological and innovational activities is closely related to its regional innovation pattern.     

Wave diffraction on arc-shaped floating perforated breakwaters

An analytical method is developed to study the sheltering effects on arc-shaped floating perforated breakwaters. In the process of analysis, the floating breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, vertical, and immovable and located in water with constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into two regions by imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunction in the context of linear theory. By satisfying continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface, a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for eigenfunction expansions. The accuracy of the present model was verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of arc-shaped floating breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the non-dimensional wave amplitude around the breakwater and diffracted wave amplitude at typical sections, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. Results show that the sheltering effects on the arc-shaped floating perforated breakwater are closely related to the incident wavelength, the draft and the porosity of the breakwater.