Evaluating CEOP model performance with the observational data from Tongyu reference site, semi-arid region of China

Using data archived in the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) project, comparisons between field observations undertaken at Tongyu CEOP reference site in China and model output from year 2003 to 2004 have been implemented, and in particular, the time series and diurnal cycles of precipitation, near-surface temperature, air temperature, and latent and sensible heat fluxes are presented. The results show that the ability of the model simulations on the temperatures, such as air temperature and the surface temperature, is satisfactory compared with the simulations on the land surface heat fluxes and the precipitation at Tongyu site. In addition, the multi-model ensemble exhibits better results over all items in comparison with the observations. The differences of the precipitation at the interannual and the seasonal time scales between the model results and observations indicate that some of the models are able to reproduce the larger amount of precipitation in 2003 than that in 2004, which is consistent with the trend of the observations at Tongyu site even though the mean square errors of models output calculated from daily precipitation during year 2003 and 2004 are even greater than the daily amount of the precipitation. The poor skill in the quantitative simulation of the precipitation indicates that the deficiency of the models in simulating the surface heat fluxes may be closely related to the biases of the precipitation simulations. In terms of the seasonal time series of the precipitation, there is an increase during summer, accompanied by the same increased trend of the latent heat flux and the decreased trend of the sensible heat flux from the insitu observations.     

北京城市高温遥感指标初探与时空格局分析

利用北京高温天气下的NOAA18/AVHRR卫星资料与气象台站资料,分析了日最高气温与遥感反演的城市地表温度的关系,初步确定了地表高温阈值并建立了高温遥感指标,并利用1989~2008年(缺2002年)6~9月NOAA/AVHRR资料开展了北京地区高温时空格局分析研究。指标初步研究表明:北京气温高温值为35、37、40°C对应的遥感地表高温值分别为44、47、52°C,可以较好地适用于北京平原地区;利用该阈值建立的地表高温强度指标(LSHI)对北京平原高温的监测与气象台站高温监测基本一致,而高温比例指数指标(LSHP)能有效反映出城市高温空间强弱和时间差异。北京遥感地表高温空间格局分析显示:夏季(6~8月)旬平均遥感地表温度≥44°C年出现概率不超过50%,广泛分布于城区和平原区;旬平均遥感地表温度≥47°C年出现概率不超过40%,集中于北京五环内;旬平均遥感地表温度≥52°C年出现概率不超过15%,集中于城区;6~9月高温出现的概率高值区一般都集中于五环内,其中旬平均遥感地表温度≥44°C、≥47°C、≥52°C的出现概率分别为80%~100%、60%~80%、10%~40%。     

GIS技术在决策气象服务系统建设中的应用

该文介绍了基于组件式GIS技术的决策气象服务系统建设的总体框架, 并阐述了系统的建设内容, 主要包括电子地图建设、气象制图输出、实时与历史资料检索、灾情分析、台风预警与损失评估以及参数化制图等功能; 同时对GIS应用于决策气象服务系统的若干关键技术问题进行了深入讨论与分析, 如数据共享与转换、气象要素插值算法、空间信息检索方法、基于插件技术的模型评估方法、三维可视化技术; 最后给出了相关结论, 并指出该系统将为全国综合性决策服务系统提供一个良好的建设思路。     

MODIS地表温度产品与实测资料对比分析

陆面温度是研究地表和大气之间物质交换和能量交换的重要参数。本文通过NASAMODIS地表温度产品与常规资料的分析,发现利用MODIS资料反演的地表温度在山西省分布情况与实测资料基本一致,但应用MODIS资料反演的地表温度要小于实测数据。     

塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷下白垩统层序结构特征及控制因素分析

摘要:应用层序地层学原理对塔南凹陷下白垩统地层进行了划分和对比,建立了等时的层序地层格架,分析了不同级别层序界面的特征。对层序结构特征的研究表明,不同沉积期的层序类型、沉积体系的空间展布和配置关系有明显区别。SQ1层序为初始裂谷期湖泊层序,发育冲积扇、滨浅湖等沉积组合; SQ2层序为裂谷高峰早期湖泊层序,发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、滨浅湖等沉积组合;SQ3层序为裂谷高峰中晚期湖泊层序,发育扇三角洲、湖底扇、浅湖、深湖等沉积组合;SQ4层序为裂谷后期过渡层序,发育半深湖一深湖,大型长轴三角洲、滨浅湖、等沉积组合。不同层序发育期各层序的结构特征决定着特定沉积相带的展布,沉积体系域的沉积相构成也有变化。     

青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物

祁连山冻土区位于青藏高原北缘,多年冻土面积约10×10~4km~2,具有良好的天然气水合物形成条件和找矿前景.2008～2009年间中国地质调查局在青海省天峻县木里煤田聚乎更矿区施工"祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程",迄今共完成钻探试验井4口,总进尺2059.13m,分别在DK-1、DK-2和DK-3钻井中钻获天然气水合物实物样品,取得了找矿工作的重大突破.天然气水合物产于冻土层之下,埋深133～396m.水合物呈白色、乳白色晶体,点火能燃烧,红外热像仪测温后呈明显的低温异常,放进水里强烈冒泡,水合物分解后能不断冒出气泡和水滴,并残留下特征的蜂窝状构造.激光拉曼光谱仪检测呈现特征的水合物光谱曲线,测井曲线也具有较明显的高电阻率和高波速标志.祁连山天然气水合物具有冻土层薄、埋深浅、气体组分复杂、以煤层气成因为主等明显特征,是一种新类型水合物.这是我国冻土区首次钻获的天然气水合物实物样品,也是全球首次在中低纬度高山冻土区发现天然气水合物实物样品,具有重要的科学意义和经济意义.     

Research on Estimating Water Storage of Small Lake Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3D Model

Water Resources - Lake Water storage can be estimated based on Lake Boundary and lakebed terrain. The boundary of a lake can be extracted from the remote sensing satellite image or the Unmanned...     

A review of flexible protection in rockfall protection

Natural Hazards - Natural hazards, such as high winds, heavy rains and ice melting, can easily trigger the rockfall which usually leads to great personal injuries and property loss; therefore, the...