福建省海洋工程装备产业现状与发展对策探讨

近年来,福建海洋工程装备产业进步显著,初步形成了以港口装卸、海上起重机、海底铺管、大型汽车滚装船等传统装备为主导的制造基地;同时,海水淡化核心装备、海洋防腐材料、水下作业机器人、游艇装备等新兴产业也取得了快速发展,但仍存在产业基础薄弱、整体产品低端、研发力量小且分散、试验研发平台严重不足等制约"瓶颈"。文章通过现场调研和资料查询分析了福建海洋工程装备产业的发展现状,总结归纳出当前制约产业发展的主要因素,明确发展思路,提出建设具有海西特色的海工装备制造业应发展海洋工程装备的重点领域、编制福建省海洋工程装备中长期发展规划和实施方案、提升海洋工程装备科技创新能力、制定海洋工程装备发展的扶持政策、构建比较完整的重点领域海洋工程装备产业链等对策与建议。     

基于云团特征的短时临近强降水预报技术

通过分析2005-2008年影响浙江的梅汛期强降水云团特征,将云团分为偏北型、居中型和偏南型,研究这三种类型云团云顶亮温与地面1小时强降水极值和10mm/h以上降水覆盖面积关系,结果表明偏南型和偏北型云团有较多相似特征,而居中型云团较其他两种云团则有较多相反特征.通过分析1小时强降水相对于云团中心移动路径的落区,指出梅汛期云顶1小时变温和亮温梯度与地面1小时强降水落区无明显配对模型.随后利用天气形势场资料,分析强降水云团与环境要素场的关系,指出云顶亮温的宏观特征与中高层的垂直速度、水汽通量密切相关,最后尝试建立三种类型强降水云团成熟阶段云顶亮温和地面降水人工神经网络预报方程,给预报员提供参考.     

苯并噻吩系列化合物的成因模拟及其地球化学意义

在硫和β胡萝卜素反应产物中有丰富的苯并噻吩系列化合物,在硫与饱和链状化合物反应产物中既有噻吩系列化合物也有苯并噻吩系列化合物。所以推断苯并噻吩系列是硫作用于噻吩系列或含侧链的苯而形成的。噻吩系列和苯并噻吩系列的相对含量可以指示成熟度:在沉积条件相同的前提下,前者多后者少指示成熟度低,反之则指示成熟度高。     

SH波水平入射穿越垂直断层隧道动力响应分析

结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法,设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法,研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响,并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用,对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构,断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用;相对周围围岩,断层介质的剪切波速越小,其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著;断层宽度越小,其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小,但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。     

珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤氟高含量区形成原因

珠江三角洲经过系统的1∶250000区域土壤地球化学调查发现,在三角洲冲积平原存在氟的高含量分布区。氟高含量区分布于第四纪海相和海陆交互相,从海相→海陆交互相→陆相含量逐渐降低,相同沉积相含量变化很小。从地表至深部,含量变化与沉积相关系密切,海陆交互相含量变化很小,而陆相含量变化较大。氟高含量区空间分布特征明显,控制因素显著,属于在沉积地质作用过程形成的。可能与珠江三角洲形成过程,西江、北江和东江带来大量含氟物质,加上海水富含氟,导致海相和海陆交互相沉积物氟含量较高而出现大面积的高含量区。     

CMIP5气候模式下淡水通量变化

基于全球降水气候态计划(GPCP)的降水资料和美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)的客观分析海气通量(OAFlux)的蒸发数据,对CMIP5的13个耦合模式的淡水通量历史模拟结果进行评估。结果表明:模式能够模拟出淡水通量的气候态空间分布,但普遍存在双热带辐合带(ITCZ)现象,热带海域是模式模拟不确定性最大的区域。模式能较好模拟出纬向平均的淡水通量的分布特征,但量值较实测偏小,且由于模式对1月10°S附近淡水通量的模拟过低,导致年平均的赤道和10°S之间的淡水通量模拟存在明显的偏差。季节尺度上,模式对北半球淡水通量的变化特征有很好的模拟能力,但对南半球的模拟能力不足。年际尺度上,模式普遍能够刻画ENSO引起的淡水通量在太平洋中部同西太平洋以及印尼贯通流反相变化的空间分布特征,但是时间特征模拟很差。从各个方面评估模式的历史模拟结果,多模式集合的结果都要优于单个模式的结果。全球变暖背景下,未来淡水通量变化最显著的区域位于热带和亚热带区域。原本蒸发(降水)占主导的海域,蒸发(降水)更强。不同气候情景下,淡水通量变化的空间形态没有显著变化,但RCP8.5气候情景下模拟的淡水通量变化幅度及模式间变化的一致性均强于RCP4.5的结果。     

A subsurface intensity index of the cold eddy in the East China Sea

The Cold Eddy in the East China Sea (CEECS) is located about 150 km southwest of Cheju Island. This region experiences a complex current system under the influences of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC), and the northward Kuroshio residual. To identify the strength of the CEECS, a simple subsurface intensity index is developed. Because the CEECS can be traced by temperature minimum, the intensity index is determined by the difference in sea temperature averaged across cores within and surrounding the region. Based on SODA, the CEECS subsurface intensity index time series can be calculated, with which the inter-annual variation of the CEECS is analyzed.     

Club convergence and spatial distribution dynamics of carbon intensity in China’s construction industry

Climate change caused by carbon emissions continuously threatens sustainable development. Due to China’s immense territory, there are remarkable regional differences in carbon emissions. The construction industry, which has strong internal industrial differences, further leads to carbon emission disparity in China. Policymakers should consider spatial effects and attempt to eliminate carbon emission inequality to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry and realize emission reduction targets. Based on the classic Markov chain and spatial Markov chain, this paper investigates the club convergence and spatial distribution dynamics of China’s carbon intensity in the construction industry from 2005 to 2014. The results show that the provincial carbon intensity in the construction industry is characterized by “convergence clubs” during the research period, and very low-level and very high-level convergence clubs have strong stability. Moreover, the carbon intensity class transitions of provinces tend to be consistent with that of their neighbors. Furthermore, the transition of carbon intensity types is highly influenced by their regional backgrounds. The provinces with high carbon emissions have a negative influence on their neighbors, whereas the provinces with low carbon emissions have a positive influence. These analyses provide a spatial interpretation to the “club convergence” of carbon intensity.     

Estimating areal carbon fixation of intertidal macroalgal community based on composition dynamics and laboratory measurements

The community dynamics and potential carbon ?xation of intertidal macroalgae were investigated monthly from April 2014 to April 2015 in the northwest coast of Yellow Sea. Seasonal variations in biomass and carbon ?xation were presented and showed close relationship with community structure.The carbon ?xation rate ranged from 0.48±0.13 mg C/(g FW ·d) to 4.35±0.12 mg C/(g FW ·d). Sargassum thunbergii, Chondrus ocellatus and Ulva intestinalis were three most in?uential species which contributed27%, 21.9% and 18.5% variation of carbon ?xation rate, respectively. Standing carbon stocks ranged from7.52 g C/m~2 to 41.31 g C/m~2, and estimated carbon stocks varied from 11.77 g C/m 2 to 96.49 g C/m~2. The larger dif ference between estimated and standing carbon stocks implied that more ?xed carbon was exported from the community in summer and autumn than in winter. This study suggested that intertidal macroalgal community could provide a potential function in carbon ?xation of coastal ecosystem.     

InSAR技术支持下的高速铁路沿线沉降监测与预测

针对盘营铁路专线、哈大铁路专线沿线沉降监测研究较少,采用InSAR技术获取了研究区地表形变信息,还对其进行了相关分析.用SBAS-InSAR对35景Sentinel-1A SAR数据进行处理,获取VV、VH极化下的年均沉降速率及沉降序列;以年均沉降速率为研究对象,进行沿线沉降特征分析及交叉验证;利用小波变换对沉降序列降噪处理,用改进BP神经网络对降噪后沉降序列预测分析.研究结果表明,研究区内高速铁路沿线共监测出6个明显沉降区域,最大沉降速率达50mm/a;两种极化年均沉降速率具有较高的一致性,降噪处理后的沉降序列更加平滑;改进BP神经网络具有较高的收敛速度,其预测精度有较大提高.