Microphytobenthic biomass and species composition in intertidal flats of the Nakdong River estuary, Korea

Intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) were investigated monthly from August 2006 to March 2008 at four different sites in the sand flats of Nakdong River estuary, Korea. Samples of surface sediment (ca. 1 cm) were collected, and chlorophyll a was extracted as biomass estimation. Species identification and enumeration were carried out by light microscopy, assisted where necessary by scanning electronic microscopy. Biomass varied between 0.47 and 16.58 μg cm⁻³, abundance changed from 5.25 to 414.75 × 10³ cells cm⁻³, while the Shannon diversity indexes ranged between 0.69 and 2.35 H′. Thirty-nine MPB taxa were identified, primarily composed of epipelic diatoms, among which Amphora and Navicula were the most abundant genera. Based on the biomass, abundance, species composition and their dynamics, MPB assemblages of sampling sites were grouped into three distinct communities corresponding to their sediment composition characteristics. Multivariate correlation analysis revealed that biomass was positively related to mud and very fine sand, negatively related to fine and medium sand, but not significantly related to environmental factors such as pore water nutrients, light intensity and salinity, which fluctuated rapidly during emersion period. Cluster analysis corroborated the division of MPB communities according to site types on seasonal scales, and also showed seasonality between sites by cluster of all summer groups. Principal component analysis identified that variability in species composition was significantly affected by mud, very fine sand, fine sand, light intensity, and sediment temperature. This study suggests that sediment composition plays an important role in the functioning of intertidal MPB communities in estuarine ecosystems.     

震后基于无人机快速三维定位被困人员模型研究

针对震后被倒塌建筑物或滑坡埋压的被困人员进行快速定位问题,在阅读大量相关文献的基础上,以无人机遥感、地理信息空间和三维质心定位技术为基础,采用无线信号RSSI测距模型,配合影像范围内基准影像数据辅助定位,构建震后基于无人机快速三维定位被困人员模型.以红河县城区作为研究区,对城区内特定人员进行三维定位,结果表明该模型定位...     

三沙永乐龙洞洞底沉积速率变化及其影响因素

三沙永乐龙洞位于西沙永乐环礁,是目前世界范围内已探明的最深蓝洞,其内部沉积动力环境相对单一,是研究沉积速率变化的天然实验室。龙洞洞底约24 cm以浅沉积物粒度分析结果显示,洞底浅埋沉积物以砂质组分为主,平均粒径多介于22.9~123.9 μm之间,在表层、4 cm、9.5 cm以及21 cm深度分别出现了沉积物变粗、砂含量增多的现象;利用210Pb的CRS定年模式计算得到底层沉积物沉积时间为1896年,平均沉积速率为0.19 cm/a,在4 cm和9.5 cm深度沉积速率急剧增加。柱状样顶部沉积速率显著增加,与近年来西沙地区人类活动加剧吻合。沉积物粒度变粗以及沉积速率骤然加快现象,与西沙地区台风活动频繁相关,通过对比历史台风记录,验证了沉积物在1999-2001年以及2010-2011年所记录的6次台风事件:199902、199915、200110、201002、201005以及201118。推测龙洞洞底沉积物沉积速率主要受台风活动影响,近期有人类活动影响的痕迹。     

Effect of salinity on heavy metal mobility and availability in intertidal sediments of the Scheldt estuary

The effect of the flood water salinity on the mobility of heavy metals was studied for intertidal sediments of the Scheldt estuary (Belgium). Soils and sediments of 4 sampling sites were flooded with water of different salinities (0.5, 2.5, and 5 g NaCl L⁻¹). Metal concentrations were monitored in pore water and surface water. To study the potential effects of flood water salinity on metal bioavailability, duckweed (Lemna minor) was grown in the surface water. The salinity was found to primarily enhance the mobility of Cd and its uptake by duckweed. Cadmium concentrations in pore water of soils and sediments and surrounding surface waters significantly exceeded sanitation thresholds and quality standards during flooding of initially oxidized sediments. Moreover, the effect was observed already at lower salinities of 0.5 g NaCl L⁻¹. This implies that risks related to Cd uptake by organisms and Cd leaching to ground water are relevant when constructing flooding areas in the brackish zones of estuaries. These risks can be reduced by inducing sulphide precipitation because Cd is then immobilised as sulphide and its mobility becomes independent of flood water salinity. This could be achieved by permanently flooding the polluted sediments, because sulphates are sufficiently available in the river water of the brackish part of the estuary.     

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土地整理公众参与机制研究

该文结合目前土地整理公众参与的情况,总结出当前土地整理公众参与中存在的主要问题,并就此进行公众参与总体框架的设计,包括土地整理公众参与的公众选择、参与方式、参与的过程设计及其保障措施。在今后的土地整理工作中,应力求使公众参与机制真正发挥其作用,使土地整理工作顺利进行,切实保护各利益主体的权益。     

柴里煤矿开展塌陷地治理见实效

枣庄矿业集团公司柴里煤矿是原煤炭部指定厚含水冲积层下开采厚煤层的实验井,是由年产30万t发展成为年产300万t的现代化矿井。由于煤层厚、埋藏深,塌陷深度大,地表岩移持续时间长,积水严重等原因,建矿44年来,造成2000多公顷土地塌陷,其中1400hm^2农田已绝产,生态环境遭到严重破坏。     

冲绳海槽Jade热液区海底块状硫化物的Os同位素组成

用碱熔法新测得Jade热液区7件海底块状硫化物样品的锇含量及其同位素组成，^187Os／^186Os比值在2．205—6．462之间，均值为4．314，高于地幔端员，而低于海洋沉积物和海水端员，表明该区块状硫化物中锇是深部来源锇与海水和／或沉积物混合的产物。结合该区块状硫化物样品的REE、硫和铅同位素组成特征，进一步揭示出海水、长英质火山岩、沉积物和深部地幔源是形成Jade区块状硫化物的物源。     

用VB和Fortran语言混合编程开发气象软件

阐述了利用VB和Fortran语言混合编程开发气象预报系统的两种方法,一种是利用VB的shell函数调用可执行文件法,另一种是利用VB调用Fortran生成的动态链接库法,并具体介绍了如何通过DLL实现VB 6.0和Fortran的接口,最终实现VB的可视化界面与Fortran强大数值计算能力相结合的新思路.