活动断层探察数据的信息编码优化研究

从20世纪90年代起,研究人员就开始探索活动断层探察数据的制作、存储与管理。迄今为止,已经获得了大量的活动断层探察数据,建成了一套系统的数据组织体系,为减轻地震灾害的相关研究提供了数据和技术支撑。近年来,随着活动断层数据库信息的扩充,初期设计的部分属性信息编码已不适用。为了形成适应当前工作的属性信息编码体系,本文以活动断层数据库建设体系为基础,对数据库属性值代码进行信息分类和编码优化。文章将数据库属性值代码分为字符型单一含义值、数值型单一含义值及复合含义值,分别进行编码规则设计,最终优化了数据库属性信息编码体系,提高了从建库到数据应用的数据录入、检测、制图自动化、数据分析等环节的效率。     

An application of 4D seismic monitoring technique to modern coal mining

To study the impact of modern coal mining on the overlying formation, a full‐life‐cycle four‐dimensional seismic monitoring study has been carried out. Four seismic data campaigns have been performed using flexi‐bin geometry with square bins, with total duration of 171 days. The four seismic datasets have been processed with the same processing workflow and parameters; major problems such as statics correction, signal‐to‐noise ratio, resolution, and consistency processing are addressed taking into account the geological features of the research area. This guarantees that remaining four‐dimensional differences between the time‐lapse datasets show mostly geological factors due to the coal mining and effects such as surface subsidence. Our four‐dimensional seismic monitoring of modern coal mining shows that mined and unmined areas have significant zoning characteristics; coal mining has a direct impact on the overlying formation. The mining leads to obvious event subsidence, which reflects that overlying formations undergo subsidence during the mining process. The overlying formation appears as two zones called caving zone and fractured zone. We determine the fault dip of the overlying formation at one end of the working face to be 56°or so by calculation and conversion. We also see that, during the coal mining process, over time, the overlying formation has a self‐recovery capability, which gradually strengthens from the roof siltstone upward to the Aeolian sandstone near the surface. The stability of 20‐m coal pillars between working faces displays a strengthening trend and remains safe during the mining process due to both coal seam supporting and formation compaction effects.     

独居石成因矿物学特征及其对U-Th-Pb年龄解释的制约

独居石U-Pb定年在岩浆活动、变质作用和沉积作用等方面发挥着日益重要的作用,但是由于独居石成因复杂,因此从成因矿物学角度对不同成因独居石的特征进行总结将有助于解释独居石年代学数据.总结了不同成因独居石的矿物共生关系和组构特征、外部形貌-内部结构、化学元素特征,依托Th、U、Y、Ca、Pb、REE含量及其比值关系进行化学...     

安丘地震台地震前兆数据跟踪分析

从安丘地震台数据跟踪分析工作实际出发,详述数据跟踪分析平台软件安装与使用,探讨日常数据分析常见问题及解决办法,分享数据跟踪分析工作经验,以期为地震前兆台站数据跟踪分析工作提供参考。     

2013年甘肃岷县—漳县M 6.6地震序列精定位研究

采用双差定位法对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县—漳县交界地区M 6.6地震及主震后48小时内388次余震序列进行重新定位,得到350个精定位地震数据。结果表明,余震优势展布以北东向较大倾角的铲状结构为特征,长约12 km,以主震为中心两侧对称分布;震源深度主要集中在4—10 km范围内,但余震震级由10 km左右深度的3—4级向3 km深度之上近地表的2—3级迁移变化;余震分布清晰呈现双层结构,较深层分布在4—10 km深度,而较浅层分布3 km深度之上,2层之间地震分布较少。分析认为,浅层地震可能为本次地震地表破坏较强原因之一。震源深度剖面显示,破裂面向NE倾斜,推测此次地震的发震断裂为临潭—宕昌断裂。     

鞍山-海城地区地震地下水地球化学研究

通过测量辽宁省鞍山-海城地区地震重点监测区地下水离子浓度和氢、氧同位素组成,讨论了该区地下水化学类型的时空变化及其成因。测量结果表明,取样点水温变化范围为11.0～97.0℃,水样的总固溶物（TDS）在197.89～829.99mg/L之间,水样分为8种化学类型。大部分水样的δD、δ¹⁸O值均沿中国东北地区大气降水线分布,少数有所偏离,表明该区的地下水主要接受大气降水的补给,并可能有深部水的供给。研究区Ca-HCO₃和Ca·Mg-HCO₃型水主要是岩石风化溶解和阳离子交换作用的结果;Ca-HCO₃·Cl和Ca·Na-Cl·SO₄型水主要受岩石风化溶解、阳离子交换作用、深部卤水混入或人类活动影响;Ca-HCO₃·SO₄和Ca-SO₄·HCO₃型水与岩石风化溶解以及深部流体混入有关;Na-SO₄·HCO₃和Na-HCO₃·SO₄型水主要是深部来源水体的混入造成的。采样期间研究区发生2次M_L≥3.0地震,采样点在地震发生月份出现了明显的离子浓度异常变化;Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-浓度变化明显,对地震活动响应较灵敏。     

Temporal and spatial changes of blue water and green water in the Taihang Mountain Region,China, in the past 60 years

ABSTRACT

Appropriate allocation of limited freshwater resources to humans and ecosystems is an important issue hampering sustainable development in mountainous regions. The Taihang Mountain Region (TMR), including the Yellow and Hai river basins, is an important water source area for the North China Plain. The distributed hydrological model Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large river basins (WEP-L) was used to simulate the water cycle processes and to summarize the temporal and spatial changes in the blue and green water in the TMR from 1956 to 2015. The results show that in the period 2011–2015 the annual average blue water decreased by 7.31 × 10⁹ m³, while the annual average green water increased by 13.60 × 10⁹ m³ compared to 1956–1960. At the inter-annual time scale, the blue water exhibited a downward trend while the green water exhibited an upward trend. The amount of seasonal blue water in the TMR is ranked in descending order: summer, autumn, spring and winter, while for green water, the rank is summer, spring, autumn and winter. The amounts of blue and green water are higher on the windward than on the leeward slopes. The blue water yield is generally higher in forests and grasslands than in farmland, while the green water exhibits the opposite response. A greater emphasis should be placed on the widening gap between blue water and green water due to climate warming, and on soil and water conservation measures.     

拱形与矩形断面地铁车站结构地震反应比较研究

采用动力时程法开展了拱形与矩形断面地铁车站结构地震反应的研究,分析了拱形断面和矩形断面地铁车站结构的关键截面在地震作用下的内力及变形的差异。结果表明:相比于矩形断面车站结构,拱形断面车站结构顶板边缘处和侧墙顶端的弯矩明显减小,车站侧墙顶端和顶板边缘处因承受弯矩过大而发生破坏的可能降低;内柱截面的轴压比明显减小,且与侧墙的轴压比差异显著减小,受力分配更为合理;拱形车站结构顶、底板的相对位移、内柱和侧墙的位移角相对较小。在已模拟的工况下拱形车站内力分布形式更为合理,水平变形相对较小,更有利于抗震。     

柱脚可更换的地下结构抗震截断柱技术性能分析

基于功能可快速恢复的抗震韧性设计目标,结合提升中柱水平变形能力的地下结构抗震截断柱技术,提出了可有效避免由于柱脚应力集中产生的破坏和震后可快速更换的地下结构中柱设计思路,其中复合截断中柱与顶、底纵梁采用剪力销栓连接,柱脚部采用局部增强或增韧可更换材料进一步替代。采用数值模型分析了复合柱的承载力、变形能力以及柱脚采用不同材料时对复合柱变形和承载力的影响规律,并与整体现浇柱进行了对比。结果表明:一般截断柱的承载能力明显低于整体现浇柱,但其变形能力远远优于整体现浇柱。随着中柱变形的增加,一般截断柱中柱柱脚位置出现明显的“应力集中”现象,局部增强或增韧材料的采用可有效避免复合截断柱脚部因应力集中而产生的破坏,提高了复合截断柱的水平变形能力。     

椭圆形柱体地震动水压力的简化分析方法

首先,文章基于辐射波浪理论,在椭圆坐标系下采用分离变量法推导了水中椭圆形柱体地震动水压力的解析解。之后,采用有限元方法建立了地震作用下水与结构相互作用的动力方程,方程中水体对结构的作用为一满阵的附加质量矩阵。满阵的附加质量矩阵难以在商业有限元中实现,因此提出了集中的附加质量矩阵方法,其中结构柔性引起的附加质量为集中附加质量矩阵和修正系数的乘积,该修正系数与无量纲参数宽深比和长短轴比相关。最后,通过曲线拟合,提出了刚性椭圆柱体动水力的均布附加量简化公式,该简化公式是无量纲参数宽深比和长短轴比的函数。