青藏高原东北缘囊谦古近纪盆地沉积特征及盆地演化研究

野外露头岩石学与地层学研究表明,青藏高原东北缘囊谦古近纪盆地贡觉组自下而上可分为5个岩性段,它们构成两套由粗变细的沉积序列,主要形成于冲积扇-河流-湖泊-三角洲沉积环境。不同的岩性段具有不同的岩石组合,反映其形成于不同的沉积环境:第一岩性段分布局限,为滨浅湖相沉积;第二岩性段、第四岩性段和第五岩性段形成于近源、快速堆积环境;第三岩性段为面积分布广泛的干旱-炎热气候条件下的河流-湖泊沉积环境产物。由于盆地沉积的不对称性及所处沉积环境的不同,各岩性段在盆地内的出露也不相同,总体反映盆地经历了早期挤压推覆前陆盆地、中期走滑拉分盆地、晚期走滑挤压推覆前陆盆地的演化历史。     

松辽盆地中央坳陷区深部咸水层二氧化碳储存潜力评价及其不确定性分析

地质储存是减少CO2等温室气体向大气中人为排放的有效措施,深部咸水层是优先考虑的地下储存空间之一,准确评价CO2在深部成水层中的储存潜力是进行CO2地质储存研究的重要基础.本次研究以松辽盆地中央坳陷区深部咸水层为例,评价其储存CO2的潜力,并考虑储层物性参数的随机性,进行储存潜力的不确定分析.研究结果表明,中央坳陷区深部咸水层CO2地质储存理论潜力为5.34×10<'11>t,若考虑孔隙度不确定性,则储存潜力的随机分布区间为4.14×10<'11>-5.72×10<'11>t,且大于理论储存潜力值的概率约为58.3%,说明孔隙度的不确定性对储存潜力评价结果影响较大,在实际工程中应重点考虑这一问题.     

榆神矿区榆树湾井田及其邻区主采煤层赋存特征研究

利用榆神矿区榆树湾井田及其邻区钻孔资料,采用趋势分析法研究了2-2煤层厚度及其底板高程变化特征,探讨了煤层赋存特征及其成因。结果表明：2-2煤层由南东向北西赋存高程降低,同时煤层厚度变小;2-2煤层厚度的局部性变化受到盆地微古地貌特征或聚煤期基底沉降幅度的控制：煤层底板次级凹陷部位煤层增厚,次级隆起部位为煤层的次级减薄区,说明古地貌低洼处或盆地基底沉降幅度较大的地区对聚煤有利;榆树湾井田和邻区相比是煤层赋存最好的区域。     

煤田地质钻探中“真烧假脱断”事故的处理

＂真烧假脱断＂事故在煤田地质钻探施工中比较常见,容易误判为钻具脱扣或折断的烧钻事故。该事故多发生在夜班,以零时至凌晨5时为事故的多发时段;事故产生的主要原因是钻具接箍密封不严,水龙头堵塞,泥浆泵故障和其它因素引起的泥浆不能正常输送到孔底而产生。针对事故的特点,在实践中总结出＂存疑求原、解释合理、逐一破劲、砸反结合＂的处理原则和＂稳、准、静、决＂的处理步骤。郏县王集勘探区某孔和登封某勘探区某孔的处理结果表明,该处理原则和步骤切实可行,对指导同类事故的处理有一定的借鉴意义。     

江西气候生态产品价值实现的探索与思考

江西省气象部门针对气候生态产品价值实现开展了许多探索,积累了一系列的先进经验。文中从江西气候生态产品价值实现途径、效益、政策等方面进行思考和分析,认为政策先行营造制度环境、创建品牌实现气候价值、试点示范稳步实践创新和搭建平台培育价值理念等手段为挖掘气候好资源做好“两山”转化工作提供了有力支撑。针对发现的问题,提出了建议：理念创新,将气候资源价值转化固化于制;机制创新,用制度保护气候资源价值实现;载体创新,创品牌实现气候生态产品价值。     

Groundwater management by riverbank filtration and an infiltration channel: the case of Obrenovac, Serbia

The Vi? Bare groundwater source is used to supply water to the population and industry of Obrenovac, one of the municipalities of Belgrade (the capital of Serbia). It is a typical riverbank filtration site; exploitation is performed through 30 drilled wells and two radial wells located in the meander of the Sava River. The established hydraulic connection between the river and tapped aquifer is so great that the river regime has a dominant influence on the aquifer. As a consequence of this, water-delivery reduction occurs in the dry months (summer–autumn), when the population needs water the most. Based on the data associated with the river’s gauges, precipitation, quantity of pumped water and groundwater-level fluctuation, a simulation of the groundwater regime for non-steady-state flow conditions has been undertaken through a numerical model. To overcome problems of water shortage during the dry season, the possibility of artificial recharge using an infiltration channel, made up of two connected parts, was analyzed. During the dry months, 80 % of the wells receive water partly from the infiltration channel. In this way, possibilities for extracting additional water are created. The application of this concept is discussed.     

Observation of CO2 degassing in Tianshuihai Lake Basin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

A large volume of underground gas in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been identified. Although many studies were performed to investigate the soil organic carbon dynamics and Earth degassing in volcanic areas, this is the first report of a large amount of non-volcanic CO₂ contained in permafrost. The gas was mostly CO₂ (81.76 vol. %) and nitrogen (14.59 vol. %). The gas composition and the evidence from carbon stable isotope values (?23.9 ‰, PDB) suggested that the gases possibly had a deep origin. The gas emissions may be triggered by permafrost degradation, which means mitigation of the barrier effect of permafrost for the gas. In addition, plate tectonic processes may also lead to gas emissions, as the tectonic activity is strong in the area. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the underground gases in the study of global change and permafrost degradation.     

Correlation between incompetent beds and slope deformation at Badong town in the Three Gorges reservoir, China

Badong town is a new immigration area in the Three Gorges reservoir, China, which is built on many giant deep-seated landslides. In this region, the slope deformation is very severe and it is strongly correlated with the incompetent beds, which are distributed widely in the rock mass. In this paper, two giant deep-seated translational rock landslides used as study cases are Huangtupo landslide and Zhaoshuling landslide. Firstly, the composition materials, structures and deformation characteristics of the two landslides are analyzed. Then, the position, structure, mineral composition and the formation mechanism of the incompetent beds are studied in detail. Finally, based on the comparison of the position, mineral and structure between incompetent beds and sliding zones of the landslides, the correlations between incompetent beds and giant landslide are discussed. The results indicate that 13 large incompetent beds exist in the middle Triassic Badong Formation strata, which can be divided into three types as weak interlayers, crushed beds and groundwater corrosion zones. The dominant minerals in the incompetent beds are illite, chlorite, quartz and calcite. The contents of the clay minerals in different positions are quite distinct, and the maximum difference of clay content exceeds 70 %. In addition, it is found that the contents of minerals in incompetent beds are similar to the slide zones of the landslides. The initial deformation of slopes normally developed along the incompetent beds, which induced subsequent shear displacement easily. Under the effect of gravity, the deep slip zones were generated mainly along the incompetent beds and the failure mode evolved from creep to integral slide gradually. The results can provide an important reference for the mechanism analysis and prevention of landslides in Badong town.