海水中液-固界面的台阶型动力学曲线 Ⅱ.液膜扩散-递进扩散-界面分级交换反应联合控制的复合模型理论

为定量解释海水中液-固界面的台阶型动力学曲线及其台阶的消长变化规律,在我们已提出的“液膜扩散和递进液膜扩散控制的复合模型”和“海水中液-固界面分级离子/配位子交换理论”基础上,吸取Crank的若干数学处理方法,进而提出适合于非稳态体系的“液膜扩散-递进扩散-界面分级交换反应联合控制的复合模型”。     

日本沼虾染色体及其核型的研究

于１９９２年３月在上海青县采集日本沼虾，以改进的空气干燥法研究精巢细胞染色体及核型，特别较详细地研究了减数分裂前期Ｉ染色体的行为。结果表明，日本沼虾染色体数ｎ＝５３，２ｎ＝１０４，共分为Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ４个染色体组；核型组成是Ｎ＝３７Ｍ＋４ＳＴ＋１１Ｔ；初级精母细胞减数分裂前期Ｉ可分为细线期／偶线期，粗线期、双线期和终变期５个时期，双线期的二价体存在弥散阶段，减数分裂的同步率高，大多处于双线期，且双     

CMIP5气候模式下淡水通量变化

基于全球降水气候态计划(GPCP)的降水资料和美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)的客观分析海气通量(OAFlux)的蒸发数据,对CMIP5的13个耦合模式的淡水通量历史模拟结果进行评估。结果表明:模式能够模拟出淡水通量的气候态空间分布,但普遍存在双热带辐合带(ITCZ)现象,热带海域是模式模拟不确定性最大的区域。模式能较好模拟出纬向平均的淡水通量的分布特征,但量值较实测偏小,且由于模式对1月10°S附近淡水通量的模拟过低,导致年平均的赤道和10°S之间的淡水通量模拟存在明显的偏差。季节尺度上,模式对北半球淡水通量的变化特征有很好的模拟能力,但对南半球的模拟能力不足。年际尺度上,模式普遍能够刻画ENSO引起的淡水通量在太平洋中部同西太平洋以及印尼贯通流反相变化的空间分布特征,但是时间特征模拟很差。从各个方面评估模式的历史模拟结果,多模式集合的结果都要优于单个模式的结果。全球变暖背景下,未来淡水通量变化最显著的区域位于热带和亚热带区域。原本蒸发(降水)占主导的海域,蒸发(降水)更强。不同气候情景下,淡水通量变化的空间形态没有显著变化,但RCP8.5气候情景下模拟的淡水通量变化幅度及模式间变化的一致性均强于RCP4.5的结果。     

基于COⅠ基因序列的长腹剑水蚤系统进化关系

长腹剑水蚤属（Oithona）是广泛分布于海洋近岸和外海海域的中小型桡足类中最为丰富的类群之一,由于个体小且形态差异微小,通过传统的形态学分类法对其进行准确鉴定难度较大。本文对南海分布的长腹剑水蚤属内的5个种,即瘦长腹剑水蚤（O.tenuis）、羽长腹剑水蚤（O.plumifera）、刺长腹剑水蚤（O.setigera）、伪长腹剑水蚤（O.fallax）和长刺长腹剑水蚤（O.longispina）线粒体COⅠ基因序列以及DNA数据库中长腹剑水蚤属其他地区种类COⅠ基因序列进行比较分析,使用ABGD （Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery）和GMYC （Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent）模型进行物种界定,分析种间种内遗传距离,并构建系统进化关系。结果显示ABGD和GMYC模型均可以很好地对长腹剑水蚤进行种类划分;种内遗传距离为0.0%~1.6%,种间遗传距离为17.7%~44.5%（Kimura 2-parameter双参数模型）,表明种间出现较高的分化;贝叶斯系统树和最大似然树进化树结果均表明,简长腹剑水蚤（O.simplex）与其他种类相距较远,羽长腹剑水蚤和拟长腹剑水蚤（O.similis）中存在隐种的分化,分别是我国南海海域和地中海的羽长腹剑水蚤以及朝鲜海峡和北海的拟长腹剑水蚤,种间遗传距离分别为18.6%、22.9%。     

雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响

The present study systematically investigates by experiment the influence of Reynolds number (Re) on a turbulent jet issuing from a smoothly-contracting round nozzle. Measurements were performed for seven Reynolds numbers varying from Re = 4,050 to Re = 20,100 using single hot-wire anemometry and over an axial distance of 30 nozzle exit diameters. Although all the exit velocity profiles are of "top-hat" shape, these measurements reveal significant dependence on Re of the exit and downstream flows. The effect of Re on both the mean and turbulent fields is substantial for Re ＜ 10,000 and becomes weak beyond Re = 10,000. The length of the jet’s potential core and the far-field rates of decay and spread all depend significantly on Re.     

Role of buffer layer in electronic structures of iron phthalocyanine molecules on Au(111)

We investigate the electronic structures of one and two monolayer iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on Au(111) surfaces. The first monolayer FePc is lying flat on the Au(111) substrate, and the second monolayer FePc is tilted at ～15° relative to the substrate plane along the nearest neighbour [101^-] direction with a lobe downward to the central hole of the unit cell in the first layer. The structural information obtained by first-principles calculations is in agreement with the experiment results. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the electronic structures of FePc molecules in one-monolayer FePc/Au(111) system are perturbed significantly, while the electronic structures of FePc molecules in the second monolayer in two-monolayer FePc/Au(111) system remain almost unchanged due to the screening of the buffer layer on Au(111).     

The anomalous radiation force of light on a left-handed material

This paper derives the force of the electromagnetic radiation on left-handed materials (LHMs) by a direct application of the Lorentz law of classical electrodynamics. The expressions of radiation force are given for TE-polarised and TM-polarised fields. The numerical results demonstrate that electromagnetic waves exert an inverse lateral radiation force on each edge of the beams, that is, the lateral pressure is expansive for TE-polarised beams and compressive for TM-polarised beams. The investigation of the radiation force will provide insights into the fundamental properties of LHMs and will provide to better understanding of the interaction of light with LHMs.     

Modelling the effect of wave overtopping on nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics around shore-parallel breakwaters

Wave overtopping nearshore coastal structures, such as shore-parallel breakwaters, can significantly alter the current circulation and sediment transport patterns around the structures, which in turn affects the formation of tombolos and salients in the nearshore area. This paper describes the implementation of a wave overtopping module into an existing depth-averaged coastal morphological mode: COAST2D and model applications to investigate the effect of wave overtopping on the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics around a group of shore-parallel breakwaters. The hydrodynamic aspects of the model were validated against a series of laboratory conditions. The model was then applied to a study site at Sea Palling, Norfolk, UK, where 9 shore-parallel segmented breakwaters including 4 surface-piercing and 5 low-crested breakwaters are present, for the storm conditions in Nov 2006. The model results were compared with laboratory data and field measurements, showing a good agreement on both hydrodynamics and morphological changes. Further analysis of wave overtopping effect on the nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics reveals that wave overtopping has significant impacts on the nearshore circulation, sediment transport and the resulting morphological changes within such a complex breakwater scheme under the storm and macro-tide conditions. The results indicate the importance of including the wave overtopping in modelling nearshore morphodynamics with the presence of coastal structures.     

中国土地行政复议案件时空格局演变及宏观驱动机制

基于2000~2015年中国省（市、区）土地行政复议案件数量、案由与复议结果等数据,定量探究中国土地行政复议案件的分布特征、格局演变与宏观驱动机制。研究表明：中国年度土地行政复议案件数量整体呈连续增加态势,行政相对人复议成功率先下降后上升。土地行政复议案件的空间分布与中国宏观人口-经济格局基本匹配,整体具有东南多西北少的分异特征,以中部主要省份为核心,经历了先向东部沿海、后向西北与西南地区蔓延的演进过程。中国土地行政复议案件的时空格局演变由经济发展水平、城市化水平、产业结构升级、城市建成区面积、土地财政收入状况、土地市场化水平、区位条件等因素共同驱动。     

EUV and Magnetic Activities Associated with Type-I Solar Radio Bursts

Type-I bursts (i.e. noise storms) are the earliest-known type of solar radio emission at the meter wavelength. They are believed to be excited by non-thermal energetic electrons accelerated in the corona. The underlying dynamic process and exact emission mechanism still remain unresolved. Here, with a combined analysis of extreme ultraviolet (EUV), radio and photospheric magnetic field data of unprecedented quality recorded during a type-I storm on 30 July 2011, we identify a good correlation between the radio bursts and the co-spatial EUV and magnetic activities. The EUV activities manifest themselves as three major brightening stripes above a region adjacent to a compact sunspot, while the magnetic field there presents multiple moving magnetic features (MMFs) with persistent coalescence or cancelation and a morphologically similar three-part distribution. We find that the type-I intensities are correlated with those of the EUV emissions at various wavelengths with a correlation coefficient of 0.7?–?0.8. In addition, in the region between the brightening EUV stripes and the radio sources there appear consistent dynamic motions with a series of bi-directional flows, suggesting ongoing small-scale reconnection there. Mainly based on the induced connection between the magnetic motion at the photosphere and the EUV and radio activities in the corona, we suggest that the observed type-I noise storms and the EUV brightening activities are the consequence of small-scale magnetic reconnection driven by MMFs. This is in support of the original proposal made by Bentley et al. (Solar Phys. 193, 227, 2000).