GeoPark发展动向、全球网络及若干问题探讨

联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)为了保护自然遗产特别是地质遗产,于2001年通过了支持各成员国建立Geopark并形成全球网络的建议,这个建议在全球得到积极响应,尤其是欧洲和中国以及国际地理联合会(IGU).中国是全球建立Geopark最早的国家之一,目前已有182个国家Geopark,其中24个为全球Geopark网...     

东营凹陷东辛2-4井上新世至全新世天文地层研究

东辛2-4井钻取岩芯0—530.1m,明化镇组上段的上亚段至平原组划分为18个层,其中,下更新统平原组一段(简称平一段)的底作为第四系下界;同时进行了古地磁研究,测定出布容、松山、高斯和吉尔伯特等4个极性时。由于天文地层研究的需要,对90年代古地磁的年龄与"国际地层表"(2004)对比,作了相应调整,确定井深242.5m处的年龄为781ka,274.5m处的为2581ka,452.0m处的为3596ka和529.5m处的为4493ka,井深242.5m和452.0m这两个界线的年龄值作为天文地层计时的标定。研究大致分为两步:①以磁化强度(MI)数值曲线的频谱和小波分析,选定平原组一段102.4m周期和明化镇组上段68.36m周期分别对应于天文偏心率404ka旋回,求出了堆积速率为0.1584mm/a和0.1692mm/a及其他各层位的年龄:井深274.5m处上新统明上(上)亚段顶界的年龄为2546ka,平一段底界的年龄是970ka,不整合的延续时间大约为1.6Myr。②推测明上(上)亚段顶2546—1806ka期间可能沉积了129m地层;而在1806—908ka期间,由于构造活动上升,把原沉积又剥蚀掉了,形成井深274.5m处的一个大的不整合面,对储层孔隙的扩张和压实有重要影响,成为最后二次烃源物质的卸载和封堵。     

Tracing environmental narratives: a web-based tool for the analysis and visualization of georeferenced narratives

A growing number of studies have used standalone GPS or smartphones to track where people move and the environment to which they expose. In the same time, questionnaire, survey, and travel diaries have been used to capture people’s perception, emotions, and interactions with the nearby environment. The growing volume of qualitative data together with locational information calls for new ways to conveniently, intuitively, and visually convey georeferenced narratives. In this study, we developed a web-based tool that automatically processes GPS trajectories and narratives, displays information regarding travel routes and georeferenced environmental perception. Our georeferenced word-cloud approach provides an innovative way to visualize qualitative information. The developed platform can be widely used in community engagement and participatory planning processes to empower the local communities.     

苹果种植适宜性数据集成管理研究——以天水地区为例

苹果种植适宜性分析是一个复杂、模糊、典型的半结构化问题,分析准则和结果往往依据分析者或环境而变化,所需数据量大,如何很好地管理和应用这些数据,以便很好地解决该问题,并为后续苹果种植产业决策提供支持,本文基于土地现状诊断的改进版FAO《土地评价纲要》研究苹果种植适宜性,同时结合GIS、数据库技术研究与实现其数据库模型,以助于多元数据的集成和管理,提高苹果种植适宜性分析效率,效果明显。     

中国大陆特大地震的地震调整作用初步研究

为合理估计汶川8.0级特大地震后中国大陆的地震形势,本文通过对中国大陆特大地震后地震活动的统计分析,初步获得了对中国大陆特大地震调整作用的一些认识:①特大地震发生后1年内,除余震区外,中国大陆其他地区的地震活动以应力调整为主线,发生7级以上地震的可能性较小;②调整作用主要发生在西部的青藏活动地块区;③青藏地块区特大地震对华北地块区的地震调整作用较小.     

Effects of hydrocarbon physical properties on caprock’s capillary sealing ability

A new mechanics formula of caprock’s capillary sealing ability has been established in this paper, in which the boundary layer resistance was considered and characterized by starting pressure gradient. The formula shows that capillary sealing ability of caprock is determined not only by the capillary force of rock and the buoyancy of hydrocarbon column, but also by the starting pressure gradient of hydrocarbons and the thickness of caprock. The buoyancy of hydrocarbon column, the starting pressure gradient of hydrocarbon, and the capillary force of caprock are affected by hydrocarbon density, hydrocarbon viscosity, and hydrocarbon-water interface tension respectively. Based on hydrocarbon property data of reservoirs of Jiyang Depression and equations from literature, the effects of hydrocarbon density, hydrocarbon viscosity, and hydrocarbon-water interface tension on the sealing ability of caprock are analyzed. Under formational conditions, the sealing ability of oil caprock can vary up to dozens times because of the variations of the oil density, oil viscosity, and oil-water interface tension. Thus, the physical characters of hydrocarbon should be considered when evaluating the capillary sealing ability of caprocks. Study of the effects of physical characters on sealing ability of caprock can provide guidance to exploring special physical property hydrocarbon resources, such as viscous oils, and hydrocarbon resources in special pressure-temperature environments.     

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.     

河南泌阳凹陷老第三系核桃园组核二段沉积体系研究

核二段沉积时期泌阳凹陷总体处于从断陷向坳陷转换的过渡阶段。本文利用测井、钻井和C、O同位素等资料，研究了核二段各砂组沉积时期的沉积环境、相带分布、砂体展布以及沉积演化规律。核二段时期，泌阳凹陷发育5种沉积体系类型：辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、正常三角洲、近岸水下扇和盐湖沉积体系。物源供给条件和古地形严格控制了泌阳凹陷各种沉积体系的发育。在陡坡带的中、西部地区发育扇三角洲沉积体系，而在陡坡带东部则发育近岸水下扇沉积体系；在东北部缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲，而在西北部缓坡带则发育正常曲流河三角洲。借用C、O同位素数据估算核二段沉积时期平均古水温为28.17 ℃，最高46.8 ℃；环境指标Z值平均为126.84，表明核二段整套地层都为盐湖咸水沉积条件。从纵向上δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O及Z、t演化看，核二段地层演化表现为两个旋回：从三砂组底到二砂组底部为第一次湖水变咸、湖盆收缩，从二砂组底部到核二段顶为第二次湖水变咸、湖盆收缩。     

三明市茶树气候条件分析及气候区划

对三明市茶树生产的气候条件分析结果表明 ,降水、光照及平均温度、积温等条件基本能满足茶树生产的需要 ,制约茶树生产的主要因素是冬季的极端最低气温 ,以此为区划指标建立气候区划模型 ,利用地理信息系统和Arcview软件制作分布图 ,并结合三明市茶树生产的实际情况 ,将茶树生产分为 3个生产区域 :乌龙茶为主绿茶为辅区、绿茶为主乌龙茶为辅区和绿茶与乌龙茶并重区 ,并提出茶树生产趋利避害的措施。     

计算机在碎屑岩粒度及岩矿成分数据定量分析中的应用

碎屑岩的粒度特征和岩石矿物学特征是判别沉积时的自然地理环境、水动力条件、物源和母岩区性质的良好标志,因此,粒度分析和岩矿数据分析是碎屑岩沉积学研究中的一个重要方面。本文在建立粒度和岩矿成分数据库的基础上,设计了编绘粒度分析直方图、累积曲线图、概率图和C-M图以及岩矿成分图解的程序,同时计算统计参数,给出了利用粒度参数建立判别函数,自动判别沉积环境的方法。